Kuyambira mawotchi mpaka ma turbines a nthunzi, magiya amitundu yosiyanasiyana, akulu ndi ang'onoang'ono, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zosiyanasiyana ngati zida zamakina zotumizira mphamvu.Akuti kukula kwa msika wa magiya ndi zida za zida padziko lapansi zafika thililiyoni imodzi ya yuan, ndipo zikunenedwa kuti zipitilira kukula mwachangu mtsogolomo limodzi ndi chitukuko chamakampani.
Gear ndi mtundu wa zida zosinthira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamoyo, kaya ndi ndege, zonyamula katundu, magalimoto ndi zina zotero.Komabe, giya ikapangidwa ndikukonzedwa, kuchuluka kwa magiya kumafunika.Anthu ena amati ngati ali otsika kuposa 17 mano, sangathe kuzungulira., ukudziwa chifukwa chake?
Ndiye chifukwa chiyani 17?M'malo mwa manambala ena?Ponena za 17, izi zimayamba ndi njira yopangira zida, monga momwe tawonetsera m'chithunzichi, njira yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito hob kudula.
Popanga magiya motere, pamene chiwerengero cha mano ndi chaching'ono, kudulidwa kumachitika, zomwe zimakhudza mphamvu ya zida zopangidwa.Kodi undercutting zikutanthauza kuti muzu wadulidwa...Onani bokosi lofiira pachithunzichi:
Ndiye ndi liti pamene kudula kungapewedwe?Yankho ndi ili 17 (pamene chigawo cha kutalika kwa addendum ndi 1 ndipo ngodya yokakamiza ndi madigiri 20).
Choyamba, chifukwa chomwe magiya amatha kusinthasintha ndi chifukwa mgwirizano wabwino wopatsirana uyenera kupangidwa pakati pa zida zapamwamba ndi zida zapansi.Pokhapokha pamene kugwirizana pakati pa ziwirizi kulipo, ntchito yake ikhoza kukhala chiyanjano chokhazikika.Kutengera magiya ophatikizika mwachitsanzo, magiya awiri amatha kugwira ntchito yawo ngati alumikizana bwino.Mwachindunji, amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: magiya a spur ndi magiya a helical.
Kwa giya wamba wa spur, coefficient of addendum kutalika ndi 1, ndipo coefficient ya kutalika kwa chidendene cha dzino ndi 1.25, ndipo ngodya yake yokakamiza iyenera kufika madigiri 20.Pamene zida ndi kukonzedwa, ngati m'munsi dzino ndi chida ali ngati magiya awiri Chofanana.
Ngati chiwerengero cha mano a mwana wosabadwayo ndi wocheperapo mtengo wake, mbali ina ya muzu wa dzino imakumbidwa, yomwe imatchedwa undercutting.Ngati undercutting ndi yaying'ono, zimakhudza mphamvu ndi kukhazikika kwa zida.17 omwe atchulidwa apa ndi a magiya.Ngati sitilankhula za momwe magiya amagwirira ntchito, zimagwira ntchito mosasamala kanthu kuti pali mano angati.
Kuphatikiza apo, 17 ndi nambala yayikulu, ndiye kuti, kuchuluka kwazomwe zimadutsana pakati pa dzino lina la giya ndi magiya ena ndizocheperako pang'onopang'ono, ndipo sizikhala nthawi yayitali. mphamvu ikagwiritsidwa ntchito.Magiya ndi zida zolondola.Ngakhale padzakhala zolakwika pa gear iliyonse, mwayi wa gudumu shaft kuvala pa 17 ndi wokwera kwambiri, kotero ngati ndi 17, zidzakhala bwino kwa kanthawi kochepa, koma sizigwira ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali.
Koma vuto likubwera!Palinso magiya ambiri okhala ndi mano osakwana 17 pamsika, koma amatembenuka bwino, pali zithunzi ndi chowonadi!
Ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti ena adanenanso kuti, ngati mutasintha njira yosinthira, ndizotheka kupanga magiya okhazikika okhala ndi mano osakwana 17.Zoonadi, zida zoterezi zimakhalanso zosavuta kumangika (chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa zida, sindingathe kupeza chithunzicho, chonde pangani maganizo anu), kotero sichikhoza kutembenuka.Palinso njira zambiri zofananira, ndipo zida zosinthira ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri (mwa mawu a layman, ndikusuntha chidacho podula), komanso magiya a helical, magiya a cycloidal, ndi zina. Kenako pali pancycloid. zida.
Lingaliro la ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti: Aliyense akuwoneka kuti amakhulupirira mabuku kwambiri.Sindikudziwa kuti ndi anthu angati omwe adaphunzira bwino zida pantchito.Muphunziro la mfundo zamakina, palibe chomwe chimayambitsa magiya a spur okhala ndi mano opitilira 17.Kutuluka kwa kudula kumachokera ku mfundo yakuti pamwamba fillet R ya chiwongolero cha rack chida chopangira magiya ndi 0, koma kwenikweni, zida zopanga mafakitale sizikhala ndi R angle?(Popanda chithandizo cha kutentha kwa chida cha R, gawo lakuthwa lakuthwa kupsinjika ndilosavuta kusweka, ndipo ndilosavuta kuvala kapena kusweka mukamagwiritsa ntchito) ndipo ngakhale chidacho chilibe R angle undercut, kuchuluka kwa mano sikungakhale 17 mano, kotero 17 mano amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati undercut chikhalidwe.M’chenicheni, kuli kotsegukira kukambitsirana!Tiyeni tione zithunzi pamwambapa.
Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera pazithunzi kuti pamene giya imapangidwa ndi chida chokhala ndi ngodya ya R ya 0 pamwamba pa nkhope yopangira, njira yosinthira kuchoka pa dzino la 15 kupita ku dzino la 18 sikusintha kwambiri, chifukwa chiyani Kodi dzino la 17 limayamba ndi dzino lolunjika?Nanga bwanji za kuchuluka kwa mano amene adulidwa?
Chithunzichi chiyenera kuti chinajambulidwa ndi ophunzira omwe amapanga uinjiniya wamakina ndi a Fan Chengyi.Mutha kuwona mphamvu ya R angle ya chida pa undercut ya gear.
Mpendero wofanana wa utoto wofiirira wotalikirapo wa epicycloid muzu wa chithunzi pamwambapa ndi mbiri ya dzino pambuyo podula mizu.Kodi muzu wa giya udzadutsidwa mpaka pati kuti uwononge kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake?Izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kayendetsedwe ka dzino pamwamba pa zida zina ndi kusungirako mphamvu kwa muzu wa dzino la gear.Ngati nsonga ya dzino pa giya yokwerera ilibe mauna, magiya awiriwa amatha kusinthasintha bwino, (Zindikirani: Kudulirako Mbali ya dzino ndi mawonekedwe osagwirizana ndi dzino, komanso kulumikiza kwa mbiri ya dzino lopanda mphamvu komanso lopanda- mbiri ya dzino la involute nthawi zambiri silimalumikizidwa pakupanga kosagwirizana, ndiko kuti, kusokoneza).
Kuchokera pachithunzichi, zitha kuwoneka kuti mzere wa meshing wa magiya awiriwa wangopukuta bwalo lalikulu kwambiri moyang'anizana ndi ma giya awiriwo (Zindikirani: gawo lofiirira ndi mbiri ya dzino, gawo lachikasu ndi lopindika. gawo, mzere wa meshing Sizingatheke kulowa pansi pa bwalo loyambira, chifukwa palibe involute pansi pa bwalo loyambira, ndipo ma meshing point a magiya awiri pamalo aliwonse ali pamzerewu), ndiye kuti, magiya awiri amatha. mauna basi mwachizolowezi, ndithudi izi Siziloledwa mu uinjiniya, kutalika kwa mzere wa meshing ndi 142.2, gawo ili la mtengo / maziko = digiri yamwadzidzidzi.
Kuchokera pachithunzichi, zitha kuwoneka kuti mzere wa meshing wa magiya awiriwa wangopukuta bwalo lalikulu kwambiri moyang'anizana ndi ma giya awiriwo (Zindikirani: gawo lofiirira ndi mbiri ya dzino, gawo lachikasu ndi lopindika. gawo, mzere wa meshing Sizingatheke kulowa pansi pa bwalo loyambira, chifukwa palibe involute pansi pa bwalo loyambira, ndipo ma meshing point a magiya awiri pamalo aliwonse ali pamzerewu), ndiye kuti, magiya awiri amatha. mauna basi mwachizolowezi, ndithudi izi Siziloledwa mu uinjiniya, kutalika kwa mzere wa meshing ndi 142.2, gawo ili la mtengo / maziko = digiri yamwadzidzidzi.
Ena anati: Choyamba, mafotokozedwe a funso ili ndi olakwika.Magiya okhala ndi mano osakwana 17 sangakhudze kugwiritsa ntchito (kulongosola kwa mfundo iyi mu yankho loyamba ndikolakwika, ndipo mikhalidwe itatu yolumikizira magiya olondola ilibe kanthu kochita ndi kuchuluka kwa mano), koma mano 17 mu zina Nthawi zina, zimakhala zovuta kukonza, apa pali zambiri kuti muwonjezere chidziwitso cha magiya.
Ndiroleni ine ndilankhule za involute poyamba, involute ndi ambiri ambiri ntchito mtundu wa zida dzino mbiri mbiri.Ndiye chifukwa chiyani involute?Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa mzerewu ndi mzere wowongoka ndi arc?Monga momwe tawonetsera pachithunzichi, ndi involute (pano pali theka la dzino lokhalokha)
Kuyiyika m'mawu amodzi, involute ndikutenga mzere wowongoka ndi mfundo yokhazikika pa izo, pamene mzere wowongoka ukuyenda mozungulira, njira ya malo okhazikika.Ubwino wake ndi woonekeratu pamene awiri involutes mauna wina ndi mzake, monga momwe chithunzi pansipa.
Mawilo awiriwa akamazungulira, mayendedwe a mphamvu pamalo olumikizirana (monga M , M' ) nthawi zonse amakhala pamzere wowongoka womwewo, ndipo mzere wowongokawu umakhala wolunjika ku malo awiri olumikizirana opangidwa ndi involute (ndege tangent). ).Chifukwa cha verticality, sipadzakhala "kutsetsereka" ndi "kukangana" pakati pawo, zomwe zimachepetsa kugunda kwa ma mesh a gear, zomwe sizingangowonjezera mphamvu, komanso kukulitsa moyo wa zida.
Inde, monga mawonekedwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazino - involute, sichosankha chathu chokha.
Kupatula "undercutting", monga injiniya, sitiyenera kungoganizira ngati n'zotheka pamlingo wanthanthi komanso ngati zotsatira zake ndi zabwino, koma chofunika kwambiri, tiyenera kupeza njira yopangira zinthu zongopeka, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kusankha zinthu. , kupanga, kulondola, kuyesa, ndi zina zotero.
Njira zogwiritsiridwa ntchito kwambiri zamagiya nthawi zambiri zimagawidwa m'njira yopangira ndi njira yopangira mafani.Njira yopangira ndikudula mwachindunji mawonekedwe a dzino popanga chida chogwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a kusiyana pakati pa mano.Izi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo odula mphero, mawilo opera agulugufe, ndi zina zotero;Njira ya Fan Cheng ikufanizira Zovuta, mutha kumvetsetsa kuti magiya awiri ndi meshing, imodzi yomwe ndi yolimba kwambiri (mpeni), ndipo ina ikadali yovuta.Njira ya meshing imasuntha pang'onopang'ono kuchokera patali kupita kumalo abwinobwino.Pochita izi Magiya atsopano amapangidwa ndi kudula kwapakati.Ngati mukufuna, mutha kupeza "Mfundo za Zimango" kuti mudziwe mwatsatanetsatane.
Njira ya Fancheng imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, koma chiwerengero cha mano a gear chikakhala chaching'ono, malo ophatikizirapo mzere wowonjezera wa chida ndi mzere wa meshing udzadutsa malire a giya odulidwa, ndipo muzu wa zida ziyenera kukonzedwa. adzakhala pa Kudula, chifukwa undercut gawo kuposa meshing malire mfundo, sizimakhudza yachibadwa meshing wa magiya, koma kuipa ndi kuti kufooketsa mphamvu mano.Magiya otere akagwiritsidwa ntchito pazantchito zolemetsa monga ma gearbox, ndikosavuta kuthyola mano.Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa chitsanzo cha 2-die 8-mano gear pambuyo pokonza bwino (ndi undercut).
Ndipo 17 ndi chiwerengero cha mano owerengeka pansi pa muyezo wa zida za dziko lathu.Zida zomwe zili ndi mano osakwana 17 zidzawoneka "zodabwitsa" pamene zimakonzedwa ndi njira ya Fancheng.Panthawi imeneyi, njira processing ayenera kusintha, monga kusamuka, monga momwe chithunzi 2-kufa 8-dzino zida machined kuti indexing (yaing'ono undercut).
Zoonadi, zambiri mwa zomwe zafotokozedwa pano sizokwanira.Pali mbali zambiri zosangalatsa zamakina, ndipo pali zovuta zambiri popanga magawowa mu engineering.Owerenga achidwi angafune kumvetsera kwambiri.
Kutsiliza: Mano 17 amachokera ku njira yopangira, komanso zimatengera njira yopangira.Ngati njira yopangira zida yasinthidwa kapena kusinthidwa, monga njira yopangira ndi kusamuka (apa akutanthauza giya la spur), chodabwitsa sichingachitike, ndipo palibe vuto ndi kuchuluka kwa mano 17.
