Kodi zosinthira kutentha zimagawidwa bwanji?
Malinga ndi njira yosinthira kutentha, imatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: kugawira kutentha kwa khoma, chosinthira kutentha, cholumikizira chamadzi, cholumikizira chamadzi chosalunjika, cholumikizira chowotcha molunjika, ndi chowotcha chambiri.
Malinga ndi cholinga, itha kugawidwa mu: chotenthetsera, preheater, superheater ndi evaporator.
Malinga ndi kapangidwe kake, imatha kugawidwa kukhala: chowotcha choyandama chamutu, chosinthira kutentha kwachubu-mapepala, chosinthira chotenthetsera chamtundu wa U, chosinthira kutentha kwa mbale, ndi zina zambiri.
Kusiyanitsa kumodzi pakati pa chipolopolo ndi chubu ndi osinthanitsa kutentha kwa mbale: kapangidwe
1. Chipolopolo ndi chubu chosinthira kutentha:
Chigoba ndi chubu kutentha exchanger wapangidwa chipolopolo, kutentha kutengerapo chubu mtolo, chubu pepala, baffle (baffle) ndi chubu bokosi ndi zigawo zina.Chipolopolocho nthawi zambiri chimakhala chozungulira, chokhala ndi chubu mkati mwake, ndipo mbali ziwiri za mtolo wa chubu zimakhazikika pa pepala la chubu.Pali mitundu iwiri yamadzimadzi otentha ndi madzi ozizira potengera kutentha, imodzi ndi yamadzimadzi mkati mwa chubu, yotchedwa chubu side fluid;china ndi madzimadzi kunja kwa chubu, otchedwa chipolopolo mbali madzimadzi.
Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo kutentha kwa madzi kunja kwa chubu, ma baffles angapo nthawi zambiri amakonzedwa mu chipolopolo cha chubu.Chophimbacho chimatha kuonjezera kuthamanga kwamadzimadzi kumbali ya chipolopolo, kupanga madzimadzi kudutsa mumtolo wa chubu kangapo malinga ndi mtunda wotchulidwa, ndikuwonjezera chipwirikiti chamadzimadzi.
Machubu osinthira kutentha amatha kukonzedwa mu makona atatu ofanana kapena mabwalo papepala la chubu.Makonzedwe a ma triangle a equilateral ndi ophatikizika, kuchuluka kwa chipwirikiti chamadzimadzi kunja kwa chubu ndikwambiri, ndipo choyezera chotengera kutentha ndi chachikulu.Maonekedwe a square amathandizira kuyeretsa mu chubu ndipo ndi oyenera madzi omwe amakonda kuipitsidwa.
1 - chipolopolo;2-chubu mtolo;3, 4-cholumikizira;5-mutu;6-chubu mbale: 7-baffle: 8-drain chitoliro
Njira imodzi chipolopolo ndi chubu kutentha exchanger
Chojambulira chosinthira kutentha chokhala ndi chipolopolo chimodzi chokhala ndi chubu chimodzi
2. Kapangidwe ka mbale yosinthira kutentha:
Chojambulira kutentha kwa mbale chomwe chimachotsedwa chimapangidwa ndi mbale zopyapyala zodindidwa nthawi zina, zosindikizidwa ndi ma gaskets mozungulira, ndikupirikizidwa ndi mafelemu ndi zomangira.Mabowo anayi amakona a mbale ndi spacers amapanga ogawa madzimadzi ndi osonkhanitsa.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, madzi ozizira ndi madzi otentha amasiyanitsidwa bwino kotero kuti amalekanitsa mbali zonse za mbale iliyonse.Kuyenda mu ngalande, kutentha kutentha kudzera m'mbale.
Kusiyanitsa kumodzi pakati pa zipolopolo ndi zosinthira kutentha kwa chubu ndi zosinthira kutentha kwa mbale: gulu
1. Gulu la zipolopolo ndi zosinthira ma chubu:
(1) Pepala la chubu lazitsulo lokhazikika la chubu lotentha limaphatikizidwa ndi mitolo ya chubu kumapeto kwa chipolopolo cha chubu.Pamene kusiyana kwa kutentha kuli kwakukulu pang'ono ndipo kupanikizika kwa mbali ya chipolopolo sikukukwera kwambiri, mphete yolipirira yotanuka imatha kuikidwa pa chipolopolo kuti muchepetse kupsinjika kwa kutentha.
(2) Chophimba cha chubu kumapeto kwa chubu cha chowotcha choyandama chamutu chimayandama momasuka, kuthetseratu kupsinjika kwamatenthedwe, ndipo mtolo wonse wa chubu ukhoza kutulutsidwa mu chipolopolo, chomwe ndi choyenera kuyeretsa ndi kukonza makina.Zowotchera mutu woyandama zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, koma kapangidwe kake ndizovuta komanso mtengo wake ndi wokwera.
(3) Chubu chilichonse cha chotenthetsera chotenthetsera chooneka ngati U chimapindika mu mawonekedwe a U, ndipo mbali zonse ziwiri zimakhazikika papepala lomwelo la chubu kumtunda ndi kumunsi.Mothandizidwa ndi kugawa kwa bokosi la chubu, imagawidwa m'zipinda ziwiri: zolowera ndi zotuluka.Chotenthetsera kutentha chimathetsa kupsinjika kwamafuta, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi osavuta kuposa amtundu woyandama wamutu, koma mbali ya chubu sivuta kuyeretsa.
(4) The eddy panopa otentha filimu kutentha exchanger amatenga atsopano eddy otentha filimu kutentha exchanger teknoloji, ndi kusintha kusintha kutentha zotsatira kusintha madzimadzi kayendedwe.Sing'angayo ikadutsa pamwamba pa chubu cha vortex, imakhala ndi chiwombankhanga champhamvu pamwamba pa chubu cha vortex, potero imapangitsa kuti kutentha kutheke bwino, mpaka 10000 W / m2.Nthawi yomweyo, kapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi ntchito zolimbana ndi dzimbiri, kukana kutentha kwambiri, kukana kuthamanga kwambiri komanso anti-scaling.
2. Gulu la osinthanitsa kutentha kwa mbale:
(1) Malinga ndi kukula kwa malo osinthira kutentha pagawo lagawo, chowotcha chotenthetsera mbale ndi chophatikizika chowotcha, makamaka poyerekeza ndi chipolopolo ndi chubu chosinthira kutentha.Zipolopolo zachikhalidwe ndi zosinthira kutentha kwa chubu zimakhala ndi malo ambiri.
(2) Malingana ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka ndondomekoyi, pali mayina osiyanasiyana: chowotcha mbale, chozizira mbale, condenser mbale, preheater mbale.
(3) Malinga ndi kuphatikiza ndondomeko, zikhoza kugawidwa mu unidirectional mbale kutentha exchanger ndi Mipikisano malangizo mbale kutentha exchanger.
(4) Malinga ndi otaya malangizo a TV awiri, akhoza kugawidwa mu kufanana mbale kutentha exchanger, kauntala otaya mbale kutentha exchanger ndi mtanda otaya mbale kutentha exchanger.Awiri omalizawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
(5) Malinga ndi kusiyana kukula kwa wothamanga, zikhoza kugawidwa mu ochiritsira kusiyana mbale kutentha exchanger ndi lonse kusiyana mbale kutentha exchanger.
(6) Malinga ndi corrugation kuvala chikhalidwe, mbale kutentha exchanger ali ndi kusiyana mwatsatanetsatane, amene sadzabwerezedwa.Chonde onani: malata osinthanitsa kutentha kwa mbale.
(7) Malinga ngati ndi gulu lathunthu lazinthu, limatha kugawidwa m'malo amodzi osinthira kutentha kwa mbale ndi mbale yosinthira kutentha.
Plate-fin heat exchanger
Chimodzi mwazosiyana pakati pa chipolopolo ndi chubu ndi osinthanitsa kutentha kwa mbale: Zomwe zili
1. Mawonekedwe a chipolopolo ndi chubu chosinthira kutentha:
(1) Kuchita bwino kwambiri komanso kupulumutsa mphamvu, mphamvu yotengera kutentha kwa kutentha ndi 6000-8000W / (m2 · k).
(2) Zonse zopanga zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, moyo wautali wautumiki, mpaka zaka 20.
(3) Kusintha kwa laminar kutuluka kwa chipwirikiti kumapangitsa kuti kutentha kukhale kothandiza komanso kumachepetsa kukana kwamafuta.
(4) Kutentha kwachangu, kukana kutentha kwambiri (madigiri 400 Celsius), kukana kuthamanga kwambiri (2.5 MPa).
(5) Kapangidwe kakang'ono, kaphazi kakang'ono, kulemera kopepuka, kuyika kosavuta, kupulumutsa ndalama zomanga.
(6) Mapangidwewo ndi osinthika, zofotokozera zake ndi zonse, kuthekera kwake ndi kolimba, ndipo ndalama zimasungidwa.
(7) Ili ndi mitundu yambiri yogwiritsira ntchito ndipo ndi yoyenera kupanikizika, kutentha kwa kutentha ndi kusinthanitsa kwa kutentha kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
(8) Mtengo wotsika wokonza, ntchito yosavuta, kuyeretsa kwautali komanso kuyeretsa kosavuta.
(9) Landirani ukadaulo wafilimu wa nano-thermal, womwe ungathe kusintha kwambiri kutentha kwapakati.
(10) Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mphamvu matenthedwe, mafakitale ndi migodi, petrochemical, Kutentha chapakati m'tawuni, chakudya ndi mankhwala, magetsi mphamvu, makina ndi makampani kuwala ndi zina.
(11) Chubu chamkuwa chokhala ndi zipsepse zoziziritsa zopindidwa kunja kwa chubu chotengera kutentha chimakhala ndi matenthedwe apamwamba komanso malo akulu otengera kutentha.
(12) Mbale yolondolera imatsogolera madzimadzi a m'mbali mwa chigoba kuti aziyenda mosalekeza mumzere wosweka muchotenthetsera.Mtunda pakati pa mbale zowongolera ukhoza kusinthidwa kuti uziyenda bwino.Kapangidwe kake kamakhala kolimba, ndipo kamatha kukumana ndi kutentha kwamadzi am'mbali mwa chipolopolo chokhala ndi kuthamanga kwakukulu kapena kuthamanga kwakukulu komanso kuthamanga kwamphamvu kwambiri.
2. Mawonekedwe a chosinthira kutentha kwa mbale:
(1) Kutentha kwakukulu kotengera kutentha
Popeza kuti mbale zamalata zosiyanasiyana zimatembenuzidwa, njira zovuta zimapangidwira, kotero kuti madzi amadzimadzi pakati pa mbale zowonongeka amayenda mozungulira katatu, ndipo kutuluka kwa chipwirikiti kungathe kupangidwa pa chiwerengero chochepa cha Reynolds (kawirikawiri Re = 50-200), kotero kutengerapo kutentha The coefficient ndi yokwera kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri imatengedwa kuti mtundu wofiira ndi 3-5 nthawi ya mtundu wa chipolopolo ndi chubu.
(2) Kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa logarithmic ndi kwakukulu, ndipo kusiyana kwa kutentha kumapeto kumakhala kochepa
Mu chipolopolo ndi chubu chotenthetsera kutentha, pali madzimadzi awiri akuyenda kumbali ya chubu ndi mbali ya chubu motsatana.Nthawi zambiri, zimakhala zodutsana ndipo zimakhala ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono ka logarithmic komwe kumatanthauza kusintha kutentha.Zambiri zosinthira kutentha kwa mbale zimayendera limodzi kapena zofananira, ndipo zowongolera nthawi zambiri zimakhala mozungulira 0.95.Kuonjezera apo, madzi otentha ndi ozizira akuyenda muzitsulo zotentha za mbale ndi zofanana ndi kutuluka kwa madzi otentha ndi ozizira muzitsulo zotentha.
Kutentha kotentha komanso kopanda kudutsa kumapangitsa kusiyana kwa kutentha kumapeto kwa chowotcha kutentha kwa mbale kukhala kochepa, ndipo kutentha kwamadzi kumatha kukhala kosakwana 1 ° C, pomwe chipolopolo ndi chubu chosinthira kutentha chimakhala 5 ° C.
(3) Kaphazi kakang’ono
Chowotcha kutentha kwa mbale chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ophatikizika, ndipo malo otengera kutentha pa voliyumu ya unit ndi 2-5 nthawi ya chipolopolo-ndi-chubu chosinthira kutentha.Mosiyana ndi chipolopolo ndi chubu kutentha exchanger, sikutanthauza malo yokonza m'zigawo za chubu mtolo.Chifukwa chake, kuti mukwaniritse mphamvu yofananira yotengera kutentha, malo apansi a chotenthetsera mbale ndi pafupifupi 1/5-1/8 ya chipolopolo ndi chubu chosinthira kutentha.
(4) Ndikosavuta kusintha malo osinthira kutentha kapena kuphatikiza njira
Malingana ngati mbale zingapo zikuwonjezeredwa kapena kuchotsedwa, cholinga chowonjezera kapena kuchepetsa malo otumizira kutentha chikhoza kutheka.Mwa kusintha mbale masanjidwe kapena m'malo angapo mbale mitundu, chofunika ndondomeko kuphatikiza akhoza anazindikira, ndi kutentha kuwombola m'dera la chipolopolo ndi chubu kutentha exchanger akhoza kusinthidwa ndi zinthu zatsopano kutentha kuwombola.Ndikosatheka kuwonjezera malo otengera kutentha kwa chipolopolo ndi chubu chosinthira kutentha.
(5) kulemera kopepuka
Makulidwe a mbale yosinthira kutentha kwa mbale ndi 0.4-0.8 mm okha, ndipo makulidwe a chubu cha chipolopolo ndi chubu chosinthira kutentha ndi 2.0-2.5 mm.Zosinthira zigoba ndi machubu ndizolemera kwambiri kuposa mafelemu osinthira kutentha kwa mbale.Zosinthira kutentha kwa mbale nthawi zambiri zimangotengera pafupifupi 1/5 ya kulemera kwa chipolopolo ndi chubu.
(6) Mtengo wotsika
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posinthanitsa kutentha kwa mbale ndizofanana, malo osinthira kutentha ndi ofanana, ndipo mtengo ndi 40% ~ 60% wotsika kuposa wa chipolopolo ndi chubu chowotcha kutentha.
(7) Zosavuta kupanga
Mbale yotengera kutentha kwa mbale yotenthetsera kutentha yasindikizidwa ndi kukonzedwa, yomwe ili ndi digiri yapamwamba yokhazikika ndipo imatha kupangidwa mochuluka.Zipolopolo ndi chubu kutentha exchanger kawirikawiri ndi manja.
(8) Zosavuta kuyeretsa
Malingana ngati ma bolts a chimango mbale kutentha exchanger anamasulidwa, chubu mtolo wa mbale kutentha exchanger akhoza anamasulidwa, ndi mbale kutentha exchanger akhoza kuchotsedwa kuyeretsa makina.Izi ndizothandiza kwambiri pakusinthana kwa kutentha kwa zida zomwe zimafunikira kutsukidwa pafupipafupi.
(9) Kutentha kochepa
M'malo opangira kutentha kwa mbale, chipolopolo chokha cha mbale yosinthira kutentha chimawonekera mumlengalenga, kutayika kwa kutentha sikuli kofunikira, ndipo palibe njira zotsekera zomwe zimafunikira.
