14 Taboos Kuyika Ma Valves
Taboo 1
Kuthamanga kwa madzi kudzachitika pa kutentha koipa m'nyengo yozizira yomanga.Zotsatira zake: Chifukwa chitolirocho chimaundana mwachangu poyesa kuthamanga kwa madzi, chitolirocho chimaundana.Miyezo: Yesani kuyesa kuthamanga kwa madzi m'nyengo yozizira, ndikuwomba madzi pambuyo poyesa kupanikizika, makamaka madzi a valve ayenera kuchotsedwa, apo ayi valavu idzaundana ndikusweka.Pamene kuyezetsa kuthamanga kwa madzi kuyenera kuchitidwa m'nyengo yozizira, kuyenera kuchitidwa pa kutentha kwamkati kwamkati, ndipo madzi ayenera kuwombedwa pambuyo poyesa kuthamanga.Pamene kuyesa kuthamanga kwa madzi sikutheka, mpweya woponderezedwa ungagwiritsidwe ntchito poyesa.
Taboo II
Dongosolo la mapaipilo silinatsukidwe mosamala lisanamalizidwe, ndipo kuthamanga kwake ndi liwiro silingathe kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakutsuka mapaipi.Ngakhale kuyesa kwa mphamvu ya madzi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhetsa madzi m'malo mothamangitsa.Zotsatira zake: Kukoma kwa madzi sikungakwaniritse zofunikira za mapaipi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa kuchepetsedwa kapena kutsekeka kwa gawo la mapaipi.Miyezo: Flush ndi kuchuluka kwa mapangidwe apangidwe mu dongosolo kapena kuthamanga kwa madzi osachepera 3m / s.. Idzaonedwa ngati yoyenerera ngati mtundu ndi kuwonekera kwa madzi otulutsidwa zimagwirizana ndi mtundu ndi kuwonekera kwa cholowera. madzi m'maso.
Madzi onyansa, madzi amvula ndi mapaipi a condensate adzabisika popanda kuyesa kutseka kwa madzi.Zotsatira zake: Zitha kuyambitsa kutayikira kwamadzi ndi kutaya kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.Miyezo: Kuyesedwa kwa madzi otsekedwa kumayang'aniridwa ndikuvomerezedwa motsatira zomwe zafotokozedwa.Kuyika pansi pansi, denga, chipinda cha mapaipi ndi zimbudzi zina zobisika, madzi amvula, mapaipi a condensate, ndi zina zotero ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti zisawonongeke.
Taboo 4 Pakuyesa mphamvu ya hydraulic ndikuyesa kutayikira kwa mapaipi, kusintha kokha kwa kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga ndi mulingo wamadzi kumawonedwa, ndipo kuyang'anira kutayikira sikokwanira.Zotsatira zake: Dongosolo la mapaipi limatuluka pambuyo pa ntchito, zomwe zimakhudza kugwiritsa ntchito bwino.Miyezo: Pamene dongosolo la mapaipi likuyesedwa malinga ndi zofunikira za mapangidwe ndi mapangidwe a zomangamanga, kuphatikizapo kujambula mtengo wa kuthamanga kapena kusintha kwa madzi mkati mwa nthawi yotchulidwa, m'pofunika kwambiri kuyang'anitsitsa mosamala ngati pali vuto linalake.Taboo 5 Mavavu wamba ma flanges a butterfly valve flanges.Zotsatira: Kukula kwa valavu ya butterfly ndi yosiyana ndi ya valve flange wamba, ndipo ma flanges ena amakhala ndi mainchesi ang'onoang'ono mkati, pomwe valavu ya butterfly ndi yayikulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kulephera kutseguka kapena kutseguka mwamphamvu, motero kuwononga valavu.Miyeso: Flange iyenera kupangidwa molingana ndi kukula kwenikweni kwa valavu ya butterfly.Palibe mabowo osungidwa ndi magawo ophatikizidwa pomanga nyumba yomanga, kapena mabowo osungidwa ndi ang'onoang'ono kukula kwake ndipo mbali zophatikizidwa sizimalembedwa.Zotsatira zake: Pakumanga ntchito yotenthetsera ndi kuyeretsa, nyumba yomangayo imadulidwa, ndipo ngakhale barani yolimbikitsidwa imadulidwa, zomwe zimakhudza chitetezo cha nyumbayo.Miyezo: Dziwani bwino zojambula zomangira ntchito yotenthetsera ndi ukhondo, ndipo gwirizanani mwachangu pomanga nyumba zomangira kuti musunge mabowo ndi magawo ophatikizidwa malinga ndi zosowa zamapaipi ndi zothandizira ndi zopachika, motengera zofunikira za kapangidwe kake. ndi zomangamanga.Taboo 7 Pakuwotcherera mapaipi, zolumikizira zoyenda za mipope sizikhala pamzere wapakati pambuyo pa mgwirizano wa matako, osasiya mpata wolumikizana ndi matako, ndipo mapaipi amipanda yokhuthala samaphwanyidwa, kotero m'lifupi ndi kutalika kwa weld sizikumana. zofunikira za zomangamanga.Chotsatira: chitoliro dislocation si mu mzere chapakati, amene mwachindunji amakhudza kuwotcherera khalidwe ndi maonekedwe khalidwe.Palibe kusiyana kwatsala mu mgwirizano wa chiuno, chitoliro cholimba-mipanda sichimawombera poyambira, ndipo kuwotcherera sikungathe kukwaniritsa zofunikira za mphamvu pamene m'lifupi ndi kutalika kwa weld sizikukwaniritsa zofunikira.Miyezo: Mukawotchera mfundo ya matako a mapaipi, mipopeyo sayenera kugwedezeka, ndipo ikhale pamzere wapakati, ndipo mipata imasiyidwa pamzere wa matako.Mipope ya mipanda yokhuthala iyenera kung'ambika, ndipo m'lifupi ndi kutalika kwa weld iyenera kuwotcherera malinga ndi zofunikira zazomwezo.
Taboo 8 Mapaipiwo amakwiriridwa mwachindunji munthaka yowuma komanso dothi lotayirira lopanda kuthiridwa bwino, ndipo katalikirana ndi malo a zitsulo za mapaipi ndi zosayenera, ngakhale ngati njerwa zouma.Chotsatira: Paipiyi imawonongeka panthawi yobwezeretsanso chifukwa cha chithandizo chosakhazikika, zomwe zimapangitsa kukonzanso ndi kukonza.Miyezo: Mapaipi sadzakwiriridwa m'nthaka yowundana kapena dothi lotayirira lopanda kuthiridwa, kutalikirana kwa ma pier kudzakwaniritsa zofunikira pakumanga, ndipo chothandizira chizikhala cholimba, makamaka polumikizana ndi mapaipi, ndipo sichidzagwira ntchito yometa ubweya.Zipinda za njerwa ziyenera kumangidwa ndi matope a simenti kuti zitsimikizire kukhulupirika ndi kulimba.Taboo 9 Zida za bawuti yokulitsa pokonza bulaketi yamapaipi ndizotsika, kabowo koyikira bawuti yowonjezera ndi yayikulu kwambiri, kapena bawuti yokulirapo imayikidwa pakhoma la njerwa kapena khoma lopepuka.Zotsatira zake: bulaketi ya mapaipi ndi yotayirira, ndipo payipi imapunduka kapena kugwa.Miyeso: zinthu zoyenerera ziyenera kusankhidwa kuti ziwonjezere, ndipo ngati kuli kofunikira, zitsanzo ziyenera kutengedwa kuti ziyesedwe.Bowo la dzenje loyika mabawuti okulitsa sikuyenera kukhala lalikulu kuposa 2mm, ndipo mabawuti okulitsa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazomanga za konkriti.Taboo 10 The flange ndi gasket yolumikizira mapaipi sali olimba mokwanira, ndipo mabawuti olumikizira ndi aafupi kapena owonda m'mimba mwake.Mapaipi opangira mphira amagwiritsidwa ntchito potenthetsera mapaipi, mapaipi aasibesitosi amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapaipi amadzi ozizira, ndipo mapaipi amitundu iwiri kapena zopindika amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo mapaipi a flange amatuluka m'mapaipi.Zotsatira: olowa flange si zolimba, kapena ngakhale kuonongeka, kuchititsa kutayikira.Flange gasket imatuluka mu chitoliro, zomwe zimawonjezera kukana kwamadzi.Miyezo: Flange ndi gasket pamapaipi ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakupanga mapaipi ogwirira ntchito.The flange gasket wa Kutentha ndi madzi otentha mapaipi ayenera kukhala mphira asbestos gasket;Rubber gasket iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gasket ya flange ya madzi ndi mapaipi otulutsa ngalande.Flange gasket sidzatulukira mu chitoliro, ndipo excircle ake ayenera kufika flange bawuti dzenje.Ma bevel kapena ma gaskets angapo sayenera kuyikidwa pakati pa flange.M'mimba mwake wa bawuti wolumikiza flange uyenera kukhala wosakwana 2mm, ndipo kutalika kwa ndodo ya bawuti yotuluka mu mtedza kuyenera kukhala 1/2 ya makulidwe a mtedza.Taboo 11 njira yoyika ma valve ndiyolakwika.Mwachitsanzo, njira yoyendetsera madzi (nthunzi) ya valavu yoyimitsa kapena valavu yoyang'ana imatsutsana ndi chizindikiro, tsinde la valve limayikidwa pansi, valavu yoyang'ana yomwe imayikidwa mozungulira imayikidwa molunjika, chogwirira cha valve yotseguka kapena valavu ya butterfly ili ndi palibe malo otsegula ndi otseka, ndipo tsinde la valve la valve yobisika siliyang'anizana ndi chitseko choyendera.Zotsatira zake: Kulephera kwa ma valve, kukonza kusintha kumakhala kovuta, ndipo tsinde la valve pansi nthawi zambiri limayambitsa kutuluka kwa madzi.Miyezo: Ikani valavu motsatira malangizo oyika ma valve.Mavavu a zipata zotseguka ayenera kukhala ndi kutalika kokwanira kotsegulira kuti valavu iwonjezere.Mavavu agulugufe ayenera kuganizira mozungulira malo ozungulira a chogwiriracho, ndipo mitundu yonse ya mavavu sayenera kukhala yotsika kuposa yopingasa, ngakhale kutsika.Chophimba chobisika sichiyenera kukhala ndi chitseko choyendera kuti chikwaniritse zosowa za valve kutsegula ndi kutseka, komanso tsinde la valve liyenera kuyang'anizana ndi chitseko choyendera.
Taboo 12 Mafotokozedwe ndi zitsanzo za ma valve omwe adayikidwa sizimakwaniritsa zofunikira pakupanga.Mwachitsanzo, kuthamanga kwadzina kwa valve kumakhala kochepa kusiyana ndi kuyesa kwa dongosolo;Pamene m'mimba mwake wa chitoliro chanthambi choperekera madzi ndi chocheperapo kapena chofanana ndi 50mm, valve yachipata imagwiritsidwa ntchito;Mapaipi owuma ndi ofukula a kutentha kwa madzi otentha amakhala ndi ma valve oyimitsa;Chitoliro choyamwa cha pampu yamoto chimatenga valavu ya butterfly.Zotsatira: zidzakhudza kutsegula ndi kutseka kwabwino kwa valve ndikusintha ntchito monga kukana ndi kupanikizika.Ngakhale kuchititsa kuti valavu iwonongeke ndikukakamizika kukonzedwa panthawi ya ntchito.Miyezo: Dziwani bwino kuchuluka kwa mavavu osiyanasiyana, ndipo sankhani mawonekedwe ndi mitundu ya mavavu molingana ndi kapangidwe kake.Kuthamanga mwadzina kwa valve kudzakwaniritsa zofunikira za kupanikizika kwa dongosolo.Malingana ndi zofunikira za zomangamanga: kutalika kwa chitoliro cha madzi ndi chocheperapo kapena chofanana ndi 50mm, ndipo valve yoyimitsa iyenera kutengedwa;Pamene kukula kwa chitoliro ndi chachikulu kuposa 50mm, valavu ya chipata iyenera kutengedwa.Mavavu a zipata amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito powuma ndi mayendedwe owongolera otenthetsera madzi otentha, ndipo mavavu agulugufe sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyamwa mapaipi a mapampu amoto.
Taboo 13 Kulephera kuchita kuyendera koyenera musanayambe kukhazikitsa ma valve.Zotsatira: Chophimba cha valve sichimasinthasintha panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito dongosolo, ndipo valavu sichitsekedwa bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi awonongeke (nthunzi), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kukonzanso ndi kukonzanso, komanso zimakhudzanso madzi abwino ( nthunzi).Miyezo: Musanakhazikitse ma valve, mphamvu yakukakamiza ndi kuyesa kutayikira kuyenera kuchitidwa.Kuyesaku kudzachitika potengera 10% ya batch iliyonse (mtundu womwewo, mawonekedwe omwewo ndi mtundu womwewo) komanso osachepera imodzi.Kwa ma valve otsekedwa omwe amaikidwa pa chitoliro chachikulu kuti adulidwe, mayesero a mphamvu ndi zolimba ayenera kupangidwa mmodzimmodzi.Mphamvu ya valavu ndi kuthamanga kwa kuyesa kutayikira kudzagwirizana ndi Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Building Water Supply and Drainage and Heating Engineering (GB 50242-2002).Taboo 14 Zida zazikulu, zida ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga ndizoperewera pamakalata oyesa zaukadaulo kapena ziphaso zazinthu zomwe zimakwaniritsa miyezo yapadziko lonse kapena unduna.Zotsatira zake: khalidwe la pulojekiti ndi losayenerera, ndipo pali zoopsa zobisika za ngozi, choncho sizingaperekedwe panthawi yake ndipo ziyenera kukonzedwanso ndi kukonzedwa;Kuchedwa kwa nthawi yomanga ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito ndi zipangizo.Miyezo: zida zazikulu, zida ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka madzi ndi ngalande ndi ntchito zotenthetsera ndi zaukhondo ziyenera kukhala ndi zikalata zowunikira zaukadaulo kapena satifiketi zazinthu zomwe zimakwaniritsa zomwe boma kapena unduna wapereka;Dzina lazogulitsa, mtundu, mawonekedwe, nambala yamtundu wadziko lonse, tsiku la fakitale, dzina la wopanga ndi malo, ndi satifiketi yowunikira zinthu kufakitale kapena code ziyenera kuwonetsedwa.
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