Kudziwa za chowumitsira ozizira!1. Kodi zowumitsira zoziziritsa kukhosi m'nyumba zimakhala zotani poyerekeza ndi zochokera kunja?Pakalipano, kasinthidwe ka hardware ka makina owumitsa ozizira m'nyumba sikusiyana kwambiri ndi makina otumizidwa kunja, ndipo mitundu yotchuka yapadziko lonse imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu firiji compressors, zipangizo firiji ndi refrigerants.Komabe, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa chowumitsira kuzizira nthawi zambiri kumaposa makina otumizidwa kunja, chifukwa opanga zoweta amaganizira mozama za ogwiritsa ntchito m'nyumba, makamaka nyengo yanyengo komanso kukonzanso tsiku ndi tsiku, popanga ndi kupanga chowumitsira chozizira.Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu ya kompresa ya firiji ya zowumitsira zoziziritsa kukhosi nthawi zambiri imakhala yokwera kuposa ya makina omwe amatumizidwa kunja omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe omwewo, omwe amagwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a gawo lalikulu la China komanso kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha m'malo/nyengo zosiyanasiyana.Kuphatikiza apo, makina apakhomo amakhalanso opikisana kwambiri pamtengo ndipo ali ndi zabwino zosayerekezeka pakugulitsa pambuyo pa malonda.Choncho, chowumitsira m'nyumba chozizira chimakhala chodziwika kwambiri pamsika wapakhomo.2. Kodi chowumitsira chozizira ndi chiyani poyerekeza ndi chowumitsira adsorption?Poyerekeza ndi kuyanika kwa adsorption, chowumitsira kuzizira chimakhala ndi izi: ① Palibe mpweya, ndipo kwa anthu ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito gasi, kugwiritsa ntchito chowumitsira chozizira kumapulumutsa mphamvu kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito chowumitsira;② Palibe ma valve omwe amavala;③ Palibe chifukwa chowonjezera kapena kusintha ma adsorbents pafupipafupi;④ Phokoso lochepa la ntchito;⑤ Kukonza tsiku ndi tsiku ndikosavuta, bola ngati sefa yamadzimadzi yamadzimadzi imatsukidwa pa nthawi yake;⑥ Palibe chofunikira chapadera pa chithandizo chamankhwala chisanadze gwero la mpweya ndi kuthandizira mpweya, ndipo cholekanitsa chamadzi chamafuta ambiri chimatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira za chowumitsira mpweya chozizira;⑦ Chowumitsira mpweya chimakhala ndi "kudziyeretsa" pa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya, ndiko kuti, zomwe zili ndi zonyansa zolimba mu mpweya wotulutsa mpweya ndizochepa;⑧ Pamene mukutulutsa condensate, gawo lina la nthunzi lamafuta limatha kusungunuka kukhala nkhungu yamafuta amadzimadzi ndikutulutsidwa ndi condensate.Poyerekeza ndi chowumitsira adsorption, "pressure dew point" ya chowumitsira chowumitsa mpweya woponderezedwa imatha kufika pafupifupi 10 ℃, kotero kuya kwa kuya kwa gasi ndikocheperako poyerekeza ndi chowumitsira mpweya.M'magawo angapo ogwiritsira ntchito, chowumitsira ozizira sichingakwaniritse zofunikira za ndondomeko ya kuuma kwa gwero la gasi.M'munda waukadaulo, msonkhano wosankha wapangidwa: pamene "mame opanikizika" ali pamwamba pa zero, chowumitsa chozizira ndicho choyamba, ndipo pamene "mame opanikizika" ali pansi pa zero, chowumitsira adsorption ndicho chokhacho chosankha.3. Kodi mungapeze bwanji mpweya wothinikizidwa ndi mame otsika kwambiri?Mame a mpweya woponderezedwa amatha kukhala pafupifupi -20 ℃ (kupanikizika kwanthawi zonse) pambuyo pothandizidwa ndi chowumitsira chozizira, ndipo mame amatha kufika pamwamba -60 ℃ atathandizidwa ndi chowumitsira adsorption.Komabe, mafakitale ena omwe amafunikira kuyanika kwambiri kwa mpweya (monga ma microelectronics, omwe amafunikira mame kuti afike -80 ℃) mwachiwonekere sizokwanira.Pakalipano, njira yomwe imalimbikitsidwa ndi luso laukadaulo ndikuti chowumitsa chozizira chimalumikizidwa motsatizana ndi chowumitsira adsorption, ndipo chowumitsa chozizira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zopangira mankhwala adsorption dryer, kotero kuti chinyezi cha mpweya woponderezedwa ndi kuchepetsedwa kwambiri musanalowe chowumitsira adsorption, ndipo mpweya woponderezedwa wokhala ndi mame otsika kwambiri ukhoza kupezeka.Komanso, kutentha kwa mpweya woponderezedwa kukalowa m'chowumitsira mpweya kumachepetsa kutentha kwa mpweya.Malingana ndi deta yakunja, pamene kutentha kwa cholowera cha adsorption dryer ndi 2 ℃, mame a mpweya woponderezedwa amatha kufika pansi -100 ℃ pogwiritsa ntchito sieve ya maselo monga adsorbent.Njirayi yagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri ku China.
4. Ndi chiyani chomwe chiyenera kutsatiridwa pamene chowumitsira chozizira chikufanana ndi piston air compressor?Pistoni mpweya kompresa sipereka mpweya mosalekeza, ndipo pali mpweya mpweya pamene ntchito.Mpweya wa mpweya umakhala ndi mphamvu komanso yokhazikika pazigawo zonse za chowumitsa chozizira, zomwe zidzatsogolera ku kuwonongeka kwa makina ku chowumitsa chozizira.Chifukwa chake, chowumitsira chozizira chikagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi piston air compressor, tanki ya mpweya iyenera kuyikidwa kumunsi kwa mtsinje wa kompresa.5. Kodi ndiyenera kulabadira chiyani ndikamagwiritsa ntchito chowumitsira chozizira?Muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa zinthu zotsatirazi mukamagwiritsa ntchito chowumitsira chozizira: ① Mayendedwe, kuthamanga ndi kutentha kwa mpweya woponderezedwa kuyenera kukhala mkati mwa malo ovomerezeka a dzina;② Malo oyikapo ayenera kukhala ndi mpweya wokwanira ndi fumbi laling'ono, ndipo pali malo okwanira kutentha ndi kukonza mozungulira makinawo, ndipo sangathe kuikidwa panja kuti apewe mvula ndi dzuwa;(3) chowumitsira ozizira nthawi zambiri chimalola unsembe popanda maziko, koma nthaka iyenera kusanjidwa;(4) ayenera kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndi mfundo wosuta, kupewa payipi ndi yaitali kwambiri;⑤ Pasakhale mpweya wowononga wowoneka bwino m'malo ozungulira, ndipo chidwi chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa kuti musakhale m'chipinda chimodzi ndi zipangizo za firiji za ammonia;⑥ Kulondola kwa kusefera kwa pre-sefa ya chowumitsira ozizira kuyenera kukhala koyenera, ndipo kulondola kwambiri sikofunikira pa chowumitsira chozizira;⑦ Mapaipi olowera ndi otuluka amadzi ozizira akhazikitsidwe paokha, makamaka paipi yotulutsiramo sayenera kugawidwa ndi zida zina zoziziritsira madzi kupeŵa kutsekeka kwa ngalande komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kuthamanga;⑧ Sungani chotsitsa chodziwikiratu chosatsekeka nthawi zonse;Pet-name ruby musayambe chowumitsira ozizira mosalekeza;Kupita ku ma parameter index of compressed air kwenikweni omwe amathandizidwa ndi chowumitsira ozizira, makamaka pamene kutentha kwa kulowa ndi kupanikizika kwa ntchito sikukugwirizana ndi mtengo wake, ziyenera kuwongoleredwa molingana ndi "correction coefficient" yoperekedwa ndi chitsanzo kuti asagwire ntchito mochulukira.6. Kodi chikoka cha nkhungu yamafuta ambiri mumpweya wopanikizidwa ndi chiyani pakugwira ntchito kwa chowumitsira chozizira?Mafuta otulutsa mpweya wa kompresa ndi wosiyana, mwachitsanzo, mafuta okhathamira a piston mafuta opaka mpweya ndi 65-220 mg/m3;, mafuta ocheperako mafuta opangira mpweya wa kompresa wotulutsa mafuta ndi 30 ~ 40 mg/m3;Zomwe zimatchedwa mafuta opanda mafuta opangira mpweya wopangidwa ku China (kwenikweni mafuta opanda mafuta) ali ndi mafuta a 6 ~ 15mg / m3;;Nthawi zina, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka ndi kulephera kwa cholekanitsa chamafuta-gasi mu kompresa ya mpweya, mafuta omwe ali mu utsi wa mpweya wa compressor adzawonjezeka kwambiri.Pambuyo pa mpweya woponderezedwa wokhala ndi mafuta ambiri amalowa mu chowumitsira chozizira, filimu yamafuta ambiri idzaphimbidwa pamwamba pa chubu chamkuwa cha chowotcha kutentha.Chifukwa kukana kutentha kwa filimu yamafuta ndi 40 ~ 70 kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa chubu chamkuwa, kutentha kwa precooler ndi evaporator kumachepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo zikavuta kwambiri, chowumitsira chozizira sichigwira ntchito bwino.Makamaka, mphamvu ya mpweya imatsika pamene mame akukwera, mafuta omwe ali mu utsi wa chowumitsira mpweya amawonjezeka mosadziwika bwino, ndipo chopopera chodzidzimutsa nthawi zambiri chimatsekedwa ndi kuipitsidwa kwa mafuta.Pankhaniyi, ngakhale fyuluta yochotsa mafuta ikasinthidwa nthawi zonse pamapaipi a chowumitsira chozizira, sizingathandize, ndipo chigawo chosefera chochotsamo mafuta chidzatsekedwa posachedwa ndi kuipitsidwa kwamafuta.Njira yabwino ndiyo kukonzanso kompresa ya mpweya ndikusintha chigawo cha fyuluta cha cholekanitsa chamafuta ndi gasi, kuti mafuta omwe ali mu mpweya wotulutsa mpweya afikire ku index ya fakitale yabwinobwino.7. Momwe mungasinthire bwino fyuluta mu chowumitsira chozizira?Mpweya woponderezedwa wochokera ku gwero la mpweya uli ndi madzi ambiri amadzimadzi, fumbi lolimba lokhala ndi tinthu tosiyanasiyana, kuipitsidwa kwamafuta, nthunzi wamafuta ndi zina zotero.Ngati zonyansazi zilowa mwachindunji mu chowumitsira ozizira, momwe ntchito yowumitsira yozizira imawonongeka.Mwachitsanzo, kuwonongeka kwa mafuta kudzawononga machubu amkuwa osinthira kutentha mu precooler ndi evaporator, zomwe zidzakhudza kusinthana kwa kutentha;Madzi amadzimadzi amawonjezera ntchito ya chowumitsira chozizira, ndipo zonyansa zolimba ndizosavuta kutsekereza dzenje la ngalande.Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri pamafunika kukhazikitsa zosefera kumtunda kwa cholowetsa mpweya cha chowumitsira chowumitsira chowumitsira zonyansa komanso kulekanitsa madzi ndi mafuta kuti mupewe zomwe zili pamwambapa.Kulondola kwa kusefera kwa zosefera zodetsa zolimba sikuyenera kukhala kokwera kwambiri, nthawi zambiri kumakhala 10 ~ 25μm, koma ndikwabwino kukhala ndi mphamvu yolekanitsa yamadzi amadzimadzi ndi kuipitsidwa kwamafuta.Kaya fyuluta ya positi ya chowumitsira chozizira yayikidwa kapena ayi ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi zomwe wogwiritsa ntchito amafuna pa mpweya woponderezedwa.Kwa gasi wamagetsi ambiri, zosefera zapaipi zolondola kwambiri ndizokwanira.Kufunika kwa gasi kukakhala kokulirapo, fyuluta yofananira yamafuta kapena sefa ya carbon activated iyenera kukhazikitsidwa.8. Kodi ndichite chiyani kuti kutentha kwa mpweya wa chowumitsira mpweya kuchepe kwambiri?M'mafakitale ena apadera, osati kokha mpweya woponderezedwa wokhala ndi mame otsika (ie madzi okhutira) komanso kutentha kwa mpweya woponderezedwa kumafunika kukhala kochepa kwambiri, ndiko kuti, chowumitsira mpweya chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati "dehydration air cooler".Panthawiyi, njira zomwe zatengedwa ndi: ① kuletsa precooler (mpweya-mpweya kutentha exchanger), kuti wothinikizidwa mpweya utakhazikika ndi evaporator sangathe kutenthedwa;② nthawi yomweyo, yang'anani dongosolo la firiji, ndipo ngati kuli kofunikira, onjezani mphamvu ya compressor ndi malo osinthira kutentha kwa evaporator ndi condenser.Njira yosavuta yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita ndikugwiritsa ntchito chowumitsira chozizira chachikulu popanda precooler kuthana ndi mpweya wotuluka pang'ono.9. Kodi chowumitsira mpweya chiyenera kuchitidwa chiyani pamene kutentha kwa malowa kuli kokwera kwambiri?Kutentha kwa mpweya wolowera ndi gawo lofunikira laukadaulo la chowumitsira kuzizira, ndipo opanga onse ali ndi zoletsa zodziwikiratu pamlingo wapamwamba wa kutentha kwa mpweya wa chowumitsira chozizira, chifukwa kutentha kwakukulu kwa mpweya sikungotanthauza kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwanzeru, koma komanso kuchuluka kwa nthunzi wamadzi mu mpweya woponderezedwa.JB/JQ209010-88 imanena kuti kutentha kolowera kwa chowumitsira chozizira sikuyenera kupitirira 38 ℃, ndipo opanga ambiri otchuka akunja opanga zowumitsa ozizira amakhala ndi malamulo ofanana.Ndizomveka kuti kutentha kwa mpweya wa kompresa kukapitilira 38 ℃, chozizira chakumbuyo chiyenera kuwonjezeredwa kumunsi kwa kompresa ya mpweya kuti muchepetse kutentha kwa mpweya wopanikizidwa kumtengo wodziwika musanalowe mu zida zapambuyo pochiritsa.Mkhalidwe wamakono wa zowumitsira zozizira zapakhomo ndikuti mtengo wololeka wa kutentha kwa mpweya wa zowumitsa ozizira ukuwonjezeka nthawi zonse.Mwachitsanzo, zowumitsira ozizira wamba popanda pre-oziziritsa anayamba kuwonjezeka kuchokera 40 ℃ koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, ndipo tsopano pakhala zowumitsira ozizira wamba ndi mpweya wolowera mpweya kutentha 50 ℃.Mosasamala kanthu kuti pali chigawo cha kulingalira kwa malonda kapena ayi, kuchokera ku luso lamakono, kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa malo olowera sikungosonyezedwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa gasi "kutentha kowoneka bwino", komanso kumawonekeranso pakuwonjezeka kwa madzi, omwe sali. chiyanjano chosavuta cha mzere ndi kuwonjezeka kwa katundu wa chowumitsira ozizira.Ngati kuwonjezeka kwa katundu kumalipidwa ndi kuonjezera mphamvu ya compressor firiji, ndi kutali ndi mtengo, chifukwa ndi njira yotsika mtengo komanso yothandiza kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito chozizira chakumbuyo kuti muchepetse kutentha kwa mpweya wopanikizika mkati mwa kutentha kwabwino. .Chowumitsa chozizira chamtundu wa mpweya wotentha kwambiri ndicho kusonkhanitsa kuzizira kumbuyo pa chowumitsa chozizira popanda kusintha dongosolo la firiji, ndipo zotsatira zake ndi zoonekeratu.10. Ndi zofunika zina ziti zomwe chowumitsira chozizira chimakhala ndi nyengo ya chilengedwe kupatula kutentha?Chikoka cha kutentha kozungulira pa ntchito ya chowumitsira ozizira ndi chachikulu kwambiri.Kuphatikiza apo, chowumitsira chozizira chimakhala ndi zofunikira izi pazozungulira: ① mpweya wabwino: ndikofunikira makamaka pazowumitsira zoziziritsa mpweya;② Fumbi siliyenera kukhala lochuluka;③ Sipayenera kukhala gwero la kutentha kwachindunji pamalo ogwiritsira ntchito chowumitsira chozizira;④ Pasakhale mpweya wowononga mpweya, makamaka ammonia osazindikirika.Chifukwa ammonia ali m'malo okhala ndi madzi.Lili ndi mphamvu zowononga zamkuwa.Choncho, chowumitsira ozizira sichiyenera kuikidwa ndi zipangizo za firiji za ammonia.
11. Kodi kutentha kozungulira kumakhudza bwanji ntchito ya chowumitsira mpweya?Kutentha kwakukulu kozungulira kumakhala kosayenera kwambiri kutenthedwa kwa kutentha kwa firiji dongosolo la chowumitsira mpweya.Kutentha kozungulira kukakhala kopitilira muyeso wanthawi zonse wa refrigerant condensation, kukakamiza kukakamiza kwa firiji kuti kuchuluke, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu ya firiji ya kompresa ndipo pamapeto pake zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa "pressure point" ya mpweya woponderezedwa.Nthawi zambiri, kutentha kozungulira kumakhala kopindulitsa pakugwiritsa ntchito chowumitsira chozizira.Komabe, potentha kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, pansi pa zero madigiri Celsius), mame a mpweya woponderezedwa sangasinthe kwambiri ngakhale kutentha kwa mpweya woponderezedwa kulowa mu chowumitsira mpweya sikuchepa.Komabe, madzi ofupikitsidwa akatsanulidwa kudzera mu drainer yodziwikiratu, imatha kuzizira pakuda, zomwe ziyenera kupewedwa.Kuonjezera apo, makinawo akaimitsidwa, madzi osungunuka omwe amasonkhanitsidwa mu evaporator ya chowumitsira ozizira kapena kusungidwa mu kapu yosungira madzi ya automatic drainer akhoza kuzizira, ndipo madzi ozizira omwe amasungidwa mu condenser akhoza kuzizira, zonsezi. zidzawononga mbali zokhudzana ndi chowumitsira chozizira.Ndikofunika kwambiri kukumbutsa ogwiritsa ntchito kuti: Kutentha kozungulira kukakhala kochepera 2 ℃, mapaipi ampweya amafanana ndi chowumitsira chozizira chomwe chimagwira ntchito bwino.Panthawiyi, chisamaliro chiyenera kuperekedwa pa chithandizo cha madzi osungunuka mu payipi yokha.Choncho, opanga ambiri amanena momveka bwino mu bukhu la chowumitsira ozizira kuti pamene kutentha kuli pansi pa 2 ℃, musagwiritse ntchito chowumitsira ozizira.12, zowumitsira zozizira zimatengera zinthu ziti?Katundu wa chowumitsira ozizira chimadalira madzi omwe ali mu mpweya wopanikizidwa kuti athetsedwe.Madzi akachuluka, katunduyo amakwera kwambiri.Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa chowumitsira chozizira sikumangokhudzana mwachindunji ndi kutuluka kwa mpweya woponderezedwa (Nm⊃3; / min), magawo omwe amakhudza kwambiri katundu wa chowumitsira chozizira ndi: ① Kutentha kwa mpweya wolowera: kutentha kwapamwamba, kumakhala madzi ambiri mumlengalenga komanso kukweza katundu wa chowumitsira ozizira;② Kuthamanga kwa ntchito: Pa kutentha komweko, kutsika kwa mpweya wodzaza ndi mpweya, madzi ochulukirapo komanso kukweza katundu wa chowumitsira ozizira.Kuphatikiza apo, chinyezi chachibale m'malo oyamwa mpweya wa kompresa umakhalanso ndi ubale ndi madzi odzaza ndi mpweya woponderezedwa, motero zimakhudzanso ntchito ya chowumitsira chozizira: kuchulukira kwa chinyezi chachibale, kumawonjezera madzi omwe ali mu gasi wopanikizidwa wodzaza ndi kukweza katundu wa chowumitsira chozizira.13. Kodi "mame amphamvu" apakati pa 2-10 ℃ pa chowumitsira chozizira ndi chachikulu kwambiri?Anthu ena amaganiza kuti "mame oponderezedwa" a 2-10 ℃ amadziwika ndi chowumitsira chozizira, ndipo kusiyana kwa kutentha ndi "nthawi zisanu", sikokukulu kwambiri?Kumvetsetsa kumeneku ndikolakwika: ① Choyamba, palibe lingaliro la "nthawi" pakati pa kutentha kwa Selsiasi ndi Sesikisi.Monga chizindikiro cha mphamvu ya kinetic ya chiwerengero chachikulu cha mamolekyu omwe akuyenda mkati mwa chinthu, malo enieni oyambira kutentha ayenera kukhala "zero absolute" (Chabwino) pamene kayendedwe ka maselo kasiya kwathunthu.Centigrade sikelo imatenga malo osungunuka a ayezi monga poyambira kutentha, komwe ndi 273.16 ℃ kuposa "zero absolute".Mu thermodynamics, kupatula centigrade sikelo ℃ angagwiritsidwe ntchito mawerengedwe okhudzana ndi lingaliro la kusintha kwa kutentha, pamene ntchito ngati chizindikiro boma, ayenera masamu pamaziko a thermodynamic kutentha sikelo (amatchedwanso mtheradi kutentha sikelo, poyambira mfundo ndi ziro mtheradi).2℃=275.16K ndi 10℃=283.16K, womwe ndi kusiyana kwenikweni pakati pawo.② Malinga ndi madzi omwe ali mu gasi wodzaza, chinyezi cha 0.7MPa mpweya woponderezedwa pa 2 ℃ mame ndi 0,82 g/m3;Chinyezi pa 10℃ mame ndi 1.48g/m⊃3;Palibe kusiyana kwa “nthawi zisanu” pakati pawo;③ Kuchokera paubwenzi womwe ulipo pakati pa "malo oponderezedwa" ndi mame amlengalenga, mame a 2 ℃ mpweya woponderezedwa ndi wofanana ndi -23 ℃ mame amlengalenga pa 0.7MPa, ndipo mame 10 ℃ amafanana ndi -16 ℃ mame a mumlengalenga mfundo, ndipo palibenso kusiyana “kasanu” pakati pawo.Malinga ndi zomwe tafotokozazi, "mame oponderezedwa" a 2-10 ℃ siakulu monga momwe amayembekezera.14. Kodi “mame amphamvu” a chowumitsira chozizira (℃) nchiyani?Pazitsanzo za opanga osiyanasiyana, "mame amphamvu" a chowumitsira ozizira ali ndi zolemba zosiyanasiyana: 0 ℃, 1 ℃, 1.6 ℃, 1.7 ℃, 2 ℃, 3 ℃, 2 ~ 10 ℃, 10 ℃, etc. (yomwe 10 ℃ imapezeka mu zitsanzo zakunja).Izi zimabweretsa zovuta pakusankha kwa wogwiritsa ntchito.Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kukambirana moona mtima kuchuluka kwa ℃ "mame amphamvu" a chowumitsira chozizira angafikire.Tikudziwa kuti "mame amphamvu" a chowumitsira ozizira amakhala ndi malire pa zinthu zitatu, zomwe ndi: ① ndi kuzizira kozizira kwa kutentha kwa mpweya;(2) Zochepa chifukwa chakuti malo osinthira kutentha kwa evaporator sangathe kuwonjezeka mpaka kalekale;③ Zochepa chifukwa chakuti kulekana kwa "cholekanitsa madzi a gasi" sikungafikire 100%.Ndizomveka kuti kutentha komaliza kwa mpweya woponderezedwa mu evaporator ndi 3-5 ℃ kuposa kutentha kwa evaporation mufiriji.Kuchepetsa kwambiri kutentha kwa evaporation sikungathandize;Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya olekanitsa madzi a gasi, madzi ochepa osungunuka amachepetsedwa kukhala nthunzi posinthanitsa ndi kutentha kwa precooler, zomwe zidzawonjezeranso madzi omwe ali mu mpweya woponderezedwa.Zinthu zonsezi palimodzi, ndizovuta kwambiri kuwongolera "mame opumira" a chowumitsira chozizira pansi pa 2 ℃.Ponena za kulembedwa kwa 0 ℃, 1 ℃, 1.6 ℃, 1.7 ℃, nthawi zambiri zimakhala kuti chigawo cha propaganda chazamalonda chimakhala chochulukirapo kuposa momwe zimakhalira, kotero anthu sayenera kuziganizira mozama.M'malo mwake, sichofunikira kwenikweni kuti opanga akhazikitse "mame opumira" a chowumitsira ozizira pansi pa 10 ℃.Muyezo wa JB/JQ209010-88 “Technical Conditions of Compressed Air Freeze Dryer” wa Unduna wa Zamakina umanena kuti “pressure point” ya chowumitsira chozizira ndi 10 ℃ (ndipo mikhalidwe yofananira imaperekedwa);Komabe, muyezo wadziko lonse womwe umalimbikitsa GB/T12919-91 "Marine Controlled Air Source Purification Device" umafuna kuti mpweya wowumitsira mpweya ukhale -17~-25 ℃, womwe ndi wofanana ndi 2 ~ 10 ℃ pa 0.7MPa.Ambiri opanga zapakhomo amapereka malire osiyanasiyana (mwachitsanzo, 2-10 ℃) ku "mame opanikizika" a chowumitsira ozizira.Malinga ndi malire ake otsika, ngakhale pansi pa katundu wotsikitsitsa, sipadzakhala chozizwitsa chozizira mkati mwa chowumitsira chozizira.Malire apamwamba amatchula mlozera wa madzi omwe chowumitsira chozizira chiyenera kufika pansi pa malo ogwirira ntchito.Pamalo abwino ogwirira ntchito, kuyenera kukhala kotheka kupeza mpweya woponderezedwa ndi "pressure point" ya 5 ℃ kudzera mu chowumitsira chozizira.Kotero iyi ndi njira yokhazikika yolembera zilembo.15. Kodi magawo aukadaulo a chowumitsira ozizira ndi chiyani?Magawo aukadaulo a chowumitsira ozizira makamaka amaphatikiza: kutulutsa (Nm⊃3; / min), kutentha kolowera (℃), kuthamanga (MPa), kutsika kwamphamvu (MPa), mphamvu ya kompresa (kW) ndikugwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira (t/ h).Choumitsira chowumitsira chozizira - "pressure dew point" (℃) nthawi zambiri sichimalembedwa ngati gawo lodziyimira pawokha pa "tebulo lofotokozera za magwiridwe antchito" m'makatalogu opanga opanga akunja.Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti "mame oponderezedwa" amagwirizana ndi magawo ambiri a mpweya woponderezedwa kuti athandizidwe.Ngati "pressure point" yalembedwa, zofunikira (monga kutentha kwa mpweya wolowera, kuthamanga kwa ntchito, kutentha kwapakati, ndi zina zotero) ziyeneranso kuphatikizidwa.16, chowumitsira chozizira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chimagawidwa m'magulu angapo?Malingana ndi kuzizira kwa condenser, zowumitsira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri zimagawidwa m'magulu oziziritsidwa ndi mpweya ndi madzi ozizira.Malinga ndi kutentha kwapamwamba komanso kocheperako, pali mtundu wa kutentha kwakukulu (pansi pa 80 ℃) ndi mtundu wamba wa kutentha (pafupifupi 40 ℃);Malinga ndi kuthamanga kwa ntchito, imatha kugawidwa mumtundu wamba (0.3-1.0 MPa) ndi mtundu wapakati komanso wothamanga kwambiri (pamwamba pa 1.2MPa).Kuphatikiza apo, zowumitsira zambiri zapadera zozizira zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zofalitsa zopanda mpweya, monga mpweya woipa, hydrogen, gasi wachilengedwe, mpweya wa ng'anjo yophulika, nayitrogeni ndi zina zotero.17. Momwe mungadziwire kuchuluka ndi malo a zotulutsa zokha mu chowumitsira chozizira?Kusamuka koyamba kwa automatic drainer ndikochepa.Ngati panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuchuluka kwa madzi osungunuka opangidwa ndi chowumitsira ozizira kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa kusuntha kwadzidzidzi, ndiye kuti padzakhala madzi osungunuka mu makina.M'kupita kwa nthawi, madzi osungunuka adzasonkhana mochuluka.Chifukwa chake, muzowumitsira zozizira zazikulu komanso zapakati, ma drains opitilira awiri odziwikiratu nthawi zambiri amayikidwa kuti awonetsetse kuti madzi osungunuka sawunjikana mumakina.Chotsitsa chodziwikiratu chiyenera kuyikidwa pansi pa mtsinje wa precooler ndi evaporator, makamaka molunjika pansi pa cholekanitsa madzi a gasi.
18. Kodi ndiyenera kulabadira chiyani ndikamagwiritsa ntchito chopopera chodziwikiratu?Mu chowumitsira chozizira, drainer yodziwikiratu imatha kunenedwa kuti ndiyomwe imatha kulephera.Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti madzi osungunuka omwe amatulutsidwa ndi chowumitsira ozizira si madzi oyera, koma madzi oundana osakanikirana ndi zonyansa zolimba (fumbi, matope a dzimbiri, ndi zina zotero) ndi kuipitsidwa kwa mafuta (kotero kukhetsa kwamadzi kumatchedwanso "automatic blowdown"). zomwe zimatchinga mosavuta mabowo a ngalande.Chifukwa chake, chotchinga cha fyuluta chimayikidwa pakhomo la automatic drainer.Komabe, ngati chophimba cha fyuluta chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, chidzatsekedwa ndi zonyansa zamafuta.Ngati sichitsukidwa munthawi yake, drainer yokhayo imataya ntchito yake.Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyeretsa zosefera mu drainer pafupipafupi.Kuphatikiza apo, drainer yodziyimira pawokha iyenera kukhala ndi kukakamiza kwina kuti igwire ntchito.Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu yocheperako yogwirira ntchito ya drainer yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ya RAD-404 ndi 0.15MPa, ndipo kutuluka kwa mpweya kumachitika ngati kupanikizika kuli kochepa kwambiri.Koma kupsyinjika sikuyenera kupitirira mtengo wovotera kuti kapu yosungiramo madzi isaphulike.Kutentha kozungulira kukakhala pansi pa ziro, madzi ofupikitsidwa mu kapu yosungiramo madzi amayenera kutsanulidwa kuti asaundane ndi chisanu.19. Kodi chopopera madzi chimagwira ntchito bwanji?Pamene mulingo wa madzi mu kapu yosungiramo madzi ya drainer ufika kutalika kwina, kupanikizika kwa mpweya woponderezedwa kumatseka dzenje lakuda pansi pa kukanikiza kwa mpira woyandama, zomwe sizingayambitse kutayikira kwa mpweya.Pamene mlingo wa madzi mu kapu yosungiramo madzi ukukwera (palibe madzi mu chowumitsira chozizira panthawiyi), mpira woyandama umakwera kufika pamtunda wina, womwe udzatsegula dzenje, ndipo madzi osungunuka mu chikho adzatulutsidwa. kunja kwa makina mwamsanga pansi pa mphamvu ya mpweya.Madzi osungunuka atatha, mpira woyandama umatseka dzenje la ngalande pansi pa mphamvu ya mpweya.Chifukwa chake, drainer yokhayo ndiyopulumutsa mphamvu.Sizigwiritsidwa ntchito muzowumitsira ozizira, komanso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'matangi osungira gasi, aftercoolers ndi zipangizo zosefera.Kuphatikiza pa makina oyandama omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, chotsitsa chamagetsi chodziwikiratu nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, chomwe chimatha kusintha nthawi yothira madzi ndi nthawi yapakati pa ngalande ziwiri, ndipo chimatha kupirira kupanikizika kwambiri ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.20. N’chifukwa chiyani choumitsira madzi otomatiki chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu chowumitsira chozizira?Pofuna kutulutsa madzi osungunuka mu chowumitsira ozizira kunja kwa makina mu nthawi komanso bwino, njira yosavuta ndiyo kutsegula dzenje kumapeto kwa evaporator, kuti madzi osungunuka omwe amapangidwa mu makinawo athe kutulutsidwa mosalekeza.Koma kuipa kwake n’koonekeratu.Chifukwa mpweya woponderezedwa udzatulutsidwa mosalekeza pamene ukukhetsa madzi, mpweya woponderezedwa udzatsika mofulumira.Izi ndizosaloledwa pamayendedwe operekera mpweya.Ngakhale ndizotheka kukhetsa madzi pamanja komanso pafupipafupi ndi valavu yamanja, pamafunika kuwonjezera mphamvu za ogwira ntchito ndikubweretsa zovuta zingapo zowongolera.Pogwiritsa ntchito chotsitsa chodziwikiratu, madzi osonkhanitsidwa mumakina amatha kuchotsedwa pafupipafupi (mochuluka).21. Kodi kutulutsa condensate mu nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito chowumitsira mpweya kumatanthauza chiyani?Chowumitsira chozizira chikagwira ntchito, madzi ochulukirapo amawunjikana mumbiri ya precooler ndi evaporator.Ngati madzi osungunulidwa sanatulutsidwe munthawi yake komanso kwathunthu, chowumitsira chozizira chimakhala chosungira madzi.Zotsatira zake ndi izi: ① Madzi ambiri amadzimadzi amalowetsedwa mu mpweya wotulutsa mpweya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yowumitsira ozizira ikhale yopanda tanthauzo;(2) madzi amadzimadzi mu makinawo ayenera kuyamwa mphamvu zambiri zozizira, zomwe zidzawonjezera katundu wa chowumitsira ozizira;③ Chepetsani kufalikira kwa mpweya woponderezedwa ndikuwonjezera kutsika kwa mpweya.Choncho, ndi chitsimikizo chofunikira kuti ntchito yachibadwa ya chowumitsira ozizira itulutse madzi osungunuka kuchokera ku makina mu nthawi komanso bwino.22, utsi wowumitsira mpweya wokhala ndi madzi uyenera kukhala chifukwa cha mame osakwanira?Kuuma kwa mpweya woponderezedwa kumatanthauza kuchuluka kwa nthunzi wamadzi wosakanikirana mu mpweya wouma wouma.Ngati nthunzi wamadzi ndi wochepa, mpweya udzakhala wouma, ndipo mosiyana.Kuuma kwa mpweya woponderezedwa kumayesedwa ndi "pressure dew point".Ngati "pressure point" ili yochepa, mpweya woponderezedwa umakhala wouma.Nthawi zina mpweya woponderezedwa womwe umatuluka mu chowumitsira ozizira umasakanizidwa ndi madontho ochepa amadzi amadzimadzi, koma izi sizimayambitsidwa ndi mame osakwanira a mpweya wopanikizika.Kukhalapo kwa madontho amadzi amadzimadzi mu utsiwo kumatha chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madzi, kusayenda bwino kapena kupatukana kosakwanira pamakina, makamaka kulephera komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa drainer.Kutaya kwa chowumitsira mpweya ndi madzi ndi koipa kuposa mame, zomwe zingabweretse zotsatira zoipa kwambiri ku zida za gasi zotsika, choncho zifukwa ziyenera kupezeka ndikuchotsedwa.23. Kodi pali ubale wotani pakati pa mphamvu yolekanitsa madzi a gasi ndi kutsika kwamphamvu?Mu cholekanitsa chamadzi cha gasi (kaya chophwanyika, V-baffle kapena spiral baffle), kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa zotchingira ndikuchepetsa kufalikira kwa ma baffles kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kulekana kwa nthunzi ndi madzi.Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, zimabweretsanso kuwonjezeka kwa mpweya wopanikizika.Kuphatikiza apo, kutalikirana kwapafupi kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti mpweya ukhale wolira, motero zotsutsanazi ziyenera kuganiziridwa popanga zosokoneza.24, momwe mungawunikire ntchito yolekanitsa madzi a gasi mu chowumitsira chozizira?Mu chowumitsira chozizira, kulekanitsa kwa nthunzi ndi madzi kumachitika munjira yonse ya mpweya woponderezedwa.Kuchuluka kwa mbale za baffle zokonzedwa mu precooler ndi evaporator kumatha kutsekereza, kusonkhanitsa ndikulekanitsa madzi osungunuka mu gasi.Malingana ngati condensate yolekanitsidwa ikhoza kutulutsidwa kuchokera ku makina mu nthawi komanso bwino, mpweya woponderezedwa wokhala ndi mame ena ukhoza kupezekanso.Mwachitsanzo, zotsatira zoyezera za mtundu wina wa chowumitsira ozizira zikuwonetsa kuti madzi opitilira 70% amachotsedwa pamakina ndi drainer yodziwikiratu pamaso pa olekanitsa madzi a gasi, ndi madontho otsala amadzi (ambiri mwa iwo ndi ochulukirapo). zabwino mu tinthu kukula) potsiriza bwino anagwidwa ndi mpweya olekanitsa madzi pakati evaporator ndi precooler.Ngakhale kuti chiwerengero cha madontho amadziwa ndi ochepa, chimakhudza kwambiri "mame opanikizika";Akalowa mu precooler ndipo amachepetsedwa kukhala nthunzi ndi evaporation yachiwiri, madzi omwe ali mu mpweya woponderezedwa adzawonjezeka kwambiri.Chifukwa chake, cholekanitsa bwino komanso chodzipereka chamadzi a gasi chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a chowumitsira chozizira.25. Ndi malire otani a cholekanitsa chamadzi cha gasi chomwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito?Ndizothandiza kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito fyuluta ngati cholekanitsa madzi a gasi chowumitsira madzi ozizira, chifukwa kusefa kwabwino kwa fyuluta ya madontho amadzi okhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumatha kufika 100%, koma kwenikweni, pali zosefera zochepa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito chowumitsira chozizira cholekanitsa madzi ndi nthunzi.Zifukwa zake ndi izi: ① Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito mumtambo wamadzi wochuluka kwambiri, zosefera zimatsekeka mosavuta, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuzisintha;② Palibe chochita ndi madontho amadzi opindika ochepa kuposa kukula kwake;③ Ndi okwera mtengo.26. Kodi chifukwa chogwirira ntchito cholekanitsa madzi amkuntho ndi chiyani?Wolekanitsa wa Cyclone ndinso cholekanitsa cha inertial, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakulekanitsa kolimba kwa gasi.Pambuyo wothinikizidwa mpweya alowa olekanitsa pamodzi tangential malangizo khoma, m'malovu madzi osakanikirana mpweya komanso atembenuza pamodzi ndi kupanga centrifugal mphamvu.Madontho amadzi okhala ndi misa yayikulu amapanga mphamvu yayikulu ya centrifugal, ndipo pansi pa mphamvu ya centrifugal, madontho akulu amadzi amasunthira ku khoma lakunja, kenako kusonkhanitsa ndikukulira pambuyo kugunda khoma lakunja (komanso baffle) ndikusiyana ndi mpweya. ;Komabe, madontho amadzi okhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'onoting'ono amasamukira kumtunda wapakati ndi kupanikizika koyipa chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa gasi.Opanga nthawi zambiri amawonjezera zozungulira zozungulira mu cholekanitsa chamkuntho kuti apititse patsogolo kulekanitsa (komanso kuwonjezera kutsika kwamphamvu).Komabe, chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa zone yapakatikati ya mpweya wozungulira, madontho ang'onoang'ono amadzi okhala ndi mphamvu yochepa ya centrifugal amalowetsedwa mosavuta mu precooler ndi kukakamiza koyipa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mame achuluke.Cholekanitsa ichi ndi chipangizo chosagwira ntchito mu kupatukana kwa gasi wokhazikika wa kuchotsa fumbi, ndipo pang'onopang'ono chasinthidwa ndi osonkhanitsa fumbi ogwira ntchito (monga electrostatic precipitator ndi thumba la pulse fumbi wotolera).Ngati ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholekanitsa madzi mu chowumitsira chozizira popanda kusinthidwa, kulekanitsa bwino sikudzakhala kwakukulu kwambiri.Ndipo chifukwa cha zovuta zake, ndi mtundu wanji wa "cholekanitsa chimphepo" chopanda mafunde osagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzowumitsira ozizira.27. Kodi cholekanitsa madzi a gasi chimagwira ntchito bwanji mu chowumitsira madzi ozizira?Baffle separator ndi mtundu wa olekanitsa inertial.Cholekanitsa chamtunduwu, makamaka cholekanitsa cha "louver" chopangidwa ndi ma baffle angapo, chagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu chowumitsira chozizira.Iwo ali bwino nthunzi-madzi kulekana zotsatira pa madzi m'malovu ndi lonse tinthu kukula kugawa.Chifukwa baffle zakuthupi ndi zabwino wetting zotsatira pa madzi m'malovu amadzimadzi, pambuyo madzi m'malovu osiyanasiyana tinthu kukula kugundana ndi baffle, ndi woonda wosanjikiza wa madzi kwaiye pamwamba pa baffle kuyenda pansi pamodzi baffle, ndi madzi. madontho adzasonkhana mu particles zazikulu m'mphepete mwa baffle, ndi madontho a madzi adzalekanitsidwa ndi mlengalenga pansi pa mphamvu yokoka yawo.Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa cholekanitsa baffle kumadalira kuthamanga kwa mpweya, mawonekedwe a baffle ndi malo a baffle.Anthu ena adaphunzira kuti kuchuluka kwa madontho amadzi owoneka ngati V ndi pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa kwa ndege.Olekanitsa madzi a gasi amatha kugawidwa muzowongolera ndi zozungulira mozungulira molingana ndi kusintha kwa baffle ndi makonzedwe.(Yotsirizirayi ndi "yolekanitsa chimphepo");The baffle wa baffle olekanitsa ali otsika adani mlingo wa particles olimba, koma ozizira chowumitsira, ndi olimba particles mu wothinikizidwa mpweya pafupifupi kwathunthu wazunguliridwa ndi madzi filimu, kotero baffle angathenso kulekanitsa olimba particles palimodzi pamene kugwira madzi m'malovu.28. Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa cholekanitsa madzi a gasi kumakhudza bwanji mame?Ngakhale kuika chiwerengero cha madzi baffles mu wothinikizidwa mpweya otaya njira akhoza kwenikweni kulekanitsa kwambiri condensed madzi m'malovu ndi mpweya, anthu m'malovu madzi ndi bwino tinthu kukula, makamaka condensed madzi kwaiye pambuyo baffle otsiriza, akhoza kulowa utsi ndimeyi.Ngati sichiyimitsidwa, gawo ili lamadzi opindika limasanduka nthunzi wamadzi likatenthedwa mu precooler, zomwe zimawonjezera mame a mpweya woponderezedwa.Mwachitsanzo, 1 nm3 ya 0.7MPa;Kutentha kwa mpweya woponderezedwa mu chowumitsira ozizira kumachepetsedwa kuchoka pa 40 ℃ (madzi ndi 7.26g) kufika pa 2 ℃ (madzi ndi 0.82g), ndipo madzi opangidwa ndi condensation ozizira ndi 6.44 g.Ngati 70% (4.51g) ya madzi a condensate ndi "mwachisawawa" olekanitsidwa ndi kutulutsidwa kuchokera ku makina panthawi ya gasi, pali 1.93g ya madzi a condensate kuti atengedwe ndikulekanitsidwa ndi "olekanitsa madzi a gasi";Ngati kulekanitsa dzuwa la "gesi olekanitsa madzi" ndi 80%, 0,39g wa madzi madzi potsirizira pake kulowa precooler ndi mpweya, kumene nthunzi madzi adzakhala kuchepetsedwa ndi nthunzi yachiwiri, kotero kuti nthunzi wa madzi zili wothinikizidwa mpweya. idzawonjezeka kuchoka pa 0.82g kufika ku 1.21g, ndipo "pressure point" ya mpweya woponderezedwa idzakwera kufika pa 8 ℃.Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kukonza bwino kulekanitsa kwa cholekanitsa chamadzi ndi mpweya wa chowumitsira chozizira kuti muchepetse kupanikizika kwa mame a mpweya woponderezedwa.29, wothinikizidwa mpweya ndi condensate mmene kulekana?Njira yopangira ma condensate ndi kulekanitsa madzi a nthunzi mu chowumitsira ozizira kumayamba ndi mpweya woponderezedwa umalowa mu chowumitsira chozizira.Pambuyo poyika mbale za baffle mu precooler ndi evaporator, njira yolekanitsa madzi a nthunziyi imakhala yovuta kwambiri.Madontho amadzi opindika amasonkhana ndikukula chifukwa cha zotsatira za kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake ndi mphamvu yokoka pambuyo pa kugunda kwa baffle, ndipo pamapeto pake amazindikira kulekana kwa nthunzi ndi madzi pansi pa mphamvu yokoka yawo.Zinganenedwe kuti gawo lalikulu la madzi a condensate mu chowumitsira ozizira amasiyanitsidwa ndi madzi a nthunzi ndi kudya "mwachisawawa" panthawi yothamanga.Pofuna kugwira madontho ang'onoang'ono amadzi omwe atsala mumlengalenga, cholekanitsa chapadera chamadzi cha gasi chimayikidwanso mu chowumitsira kuti chichepetse madzi amadzimadzi omwe amalowa mu chitoliro chotulutsa mpweya, motero kuchepetsa "mame" a mpweya wopanikizika kwambiri. momwe zingathere.30. Kodi madzi osungunuka a chowumitsira chozizira amapangidwa bwanji?Mpweya wokhazikika wotentha kwambiri ukalowa mu chowumitsira chozizira, nthunzi wamadzi womwe uli mmenemo umasungunuka kukhala madzi amadzimadzi m'njira ziwiri, ① mpweya wamadzi womwe umalumikizana mwachindunji ndi kuzizira umakhazikika komanso chisanu ndi malo otsika kwambiri. precooler ndi evaporator (monga kunja kwa kutentha kwa chubu chamkuwa, zipsepse zotentha, mbale ya baffle ndi mkati mwa chipolopolo cha chidebe) monga chonyamulira (monga njira yochepetsera mame pamtunda wachilengedwe);(2) Nthunzi yamadzi yomwe siimalumikizana mwachindunji ndi malo ozizira amatenga zonyansa zolimba zomwe zimatengedwa ndi mpweya wokha ngati "condensation pachimake" cha mame ozizira ozizira (monga mapangidwe a mitambo ndi mvula m'chilengedwe).Kukula koyambirira kwa madontho amadzi opindika kumadalira kukula kwa "condensation nucleus".Ngati tinthu kukula kugawa zodetsa olimba osakanikirana wothinikizidwa mpweya kulowa chowumitsira ozizira nthawi zambiri pakati pa 0,1 ndi 25 μ, ndiye koyamba tinthu kukula kwa condensed madzi ndi osachepera dongosolo la ukulu.Komanso, potsatira mpweya woponderezedwa, madontho amadzi amawombana ndikusonkhanitsa mosalekeza, ndipo kukula kwa tinthu ting'onoting'ono kumapitirizabe kuwonjezeka, ndipo pambuyo powonjezereka mpaka kumlingo wina, iwo adzalekanitsidwa ndi mpweya ndi kulemera kwawo.Chifukwa tinthu tating'ono ting'onoting'ono tomwe timanyamula ndi mpweya woponderezedwa ndi gawo la "condensation nucleus" popanga ma condensate, zimatilimbikitsanso kuganiza kuti mapangidwe a condensate mu chowumitsira chozizira ndi "kudziyeretsa" kwa mpweya woponderezedwa. .