Ndikupatseni chidziwitso chokwanira cha kapangidwe kake, mfundo yogwirira ntchito, zabwino ndi zoyipa za axial flow compressor.
Kudziwa za axial compressor
Axial flow compressor ndi centrifugal compressor onse ali a mtundu wa liwiro compressor, ndipo onse amatchedwa turbine compressors;tanthawuzo la compressor mtundu wa liwiro limatanthauza kuti mfundo zawo zogwirira ntchito zimadalira masamba kuti agwire ntchito pa gasi, ndipo choyamba apange mpweya wothamanga Kuthamanga kwamagetsi kumawonjezeka kwambiri musanayambe kutembenuza mphamvu ya kinetic kukhala mphamvu yokakamiza.Poyerekeza ndi kompresa centrifugal, popeza otaya mpweya mu kompresa si motsatira malangizo radial, koma motsatira malangizo axial, mbali yaikulu ya axial otaya kompresa ndi kuti mpweya otaya mphamvu pa unit dera lalikulu, ndi chimodzimodzi. Pansi pamalingaliro a kuchuluka kwa gasi, mawonekedwe a radial ndi ochepa, makamaka oyenera pazochitika zomwe zimafuna kuyenda kwakukulu.Kuphatikiza apo, kompresa ya axial flow imakhalanso ndi zabwino zamapangidwe osavuta, ntchito yabwino komanso kukonza.Komabe, mwachiwonekere ndizotsika poyerekeza ndi ma compressor a centrifugal malinga ndi mawonekedwe a tsamba lovuta, zofunikira zopangira zinthu zambiri, malo ocheperako ogwirira ntchito, komanso kusintha pang'ono koyenda pafupipafupi.
Chithunzi chotsatirachi ndi chithunzi champangidwe wa AV mndandanda wa axial flow compressor:
1. Chassis
Chophimba cha axial flow compressor chapangidwa kuti chigawike chopingasa ndipo chimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chonyezimira (chitsulo).Ili ndi mawonekedwe okhazikika bwino, osasinthika, mayamwidwe a phokoso komanso kuchepetsa kugwedezeka.Limbani ndi mabawuti kuti mulumikize magawo apamwamba ndi apansi kukhala olimba kwambiri.
Chophimbacho chimathandizidwa pamunsi pazigawo zinayi, ndipo mfundo zinayi zothandizira zimayikidwa kumbali zonse ziwiri za pansi pafupi ndi gawo lapakati logawanika, kotero kuti chithandizo cha unit chimakhala chokhazikika.Mfundo ziwiri mwa zinayi zothandizira ndi mfundo zokhazikika, ndipo zina ziwirizo ndi malo otsetsereka.Mbali yapansi ya casing imaperekedwanso ndi makiyi awiri otsogolera motsatira malangizo a axial, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukulitsa kutentha kwa unit panthawi yogwira ntchito.
Kwa mayunitsi akuluakulu, malo othandizira otsetsereka amathandizidwa ndi chiboliboli chogwedezeka, ndipo zipangizo zapadera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti kuwonjezereka kwa kutentha kukhale kochepa komanso kuchepetsa kusintha kwa msinkhu wapakati wa unit.Kuphatikiza apo, chithandizo chapakati chimayikidwa kuti chiwonjezere kukhazikika kwa unit.
2. Silinda yokhala ndi static vane
Silinda yoyima yokhala ndi silinda ndi silinda yothandizira pamavane osinthika a kompresa.Zapangidwa ngati kugawanika kopingasa.Kukula kwa geometric kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kapangidwe ka aerodynamic, komwe ndizomwe zili pakatikati pa kapangidwe ka compressor.Mphete yolowera imafanana ndi kumapeto kwa silinda yoyima, ndipo cholumikizira chimafanana ndi pompopompo.Amalumikizidwa motsatana ndi casing ndi manja osindikizira kuti apange njira yolumikizirana yomaliza yolowera komanso njira yokulirapo yomaliza.Njira ndi njira yopangidwa ndi rotor ndi silinda yokhala ndi vane zophatikizika zimaphatikizidwa kuti apange njira yonse yoyendera mpweya wa axial flow compressor.
Thupi la silinda ya silinda yokhala ndi silinda imaponyedwera kuchokera kuchitsulo cha ductile ndipo amapangidwa mwatsatanetsatane.Mapeto awiriwa amathandizidwa motsatira pa casing, mapeto pafupi ndi mbali ya utsi ndi chithandizo chotsetsereka, ndipo mapeto pafupi ndi mbali yolowera mpweya ndi chithandizo chokhazikika.
Pali mavane otembenuzika pamiyezo yosiyana siyana ndi zotengera zodziwikiratu, ma crank, masilidi, ndi zina zambiri pa kalozera aliyense pa silinda yonyamula.Masamba osasunthika ndi inki yozungulira yokhala ndi zodzikongoletsera bwino, ndipo moyo wake wautumiki ndi wopitilira zaka 25, zomwe ndi zotetezeka komanso zodalirika.Mphete yosindikizira ya silicone imayikidwa pa phesi la vane kuti asatayike komanso kuti fumbi lilowe.Kudzaza zingwe zosindikizira zimaperekedwa pabwalo lakunja la kumapeto kwa silinda yonyamula ndi kuthandizira kwa casing kuti asatayike.
3. Silinda yosinthira ndi makina osinthira vane
Silinda yosinthira imalumikizidwa ndi mbale zachitsulo, zogawanika mozungulira, ndipo gawo logawanika lapakati limalumikizidwa ndi mabawuti, omwe amakhala olimba kwambiri.Imathandizidwa mkati mwa casing pa mfundo zinayi, ndipo zitsulo zinayi zothandizira zimapangidwa ndi zitsulo zopanda mafuta "Du".Mfundo ziwiri kumbali imodzi ndizotsekedwa, zomwe zimalola kuyenda kwa axial;mfundo ziwiri kumbali ina zimapangidwira Mtunduwu umalola kufalikira kwa axial ndi radial matenthedwe, ndipo mphete zowongolera zamagawo osiyanasiyana a vanes zimayikidwa mkati mwa silinda yosinthira.
Njira yosinthira tsamba la stator imapangidwa ndi servo mota, mbale yolumikizira, silinda yosinthira ndi silinda yothandizira tsamba.Ntchito yake ndikusintha ngodya ya masamba a stator pamagulu onse a kompresa kuti akwaniritse ntchito zosiyanasiyana.Ma servo motors awiri amayikidwa mbali zonse za kompresa ndikulumikizidwa ndi silinda yosinthira kudzera pa mbale yolumikizira.Galimoto ya servo, malo opangira mafuta, mapaipi amafuta, ndi zida zowongolera zokha zimapanga makina a hydraulic servo posintha mbali ya vane.Pamene 130bar high-pressure mafuta kuchokera pamalo opangira mafuta akugwira ntchito, pisitoni ya servo motor imakankhidwa kuti isunthe, ndipo mbale yolumikizira imayendetsa silinda yosinthira kuti isunthike molumikizana ndi mbali ya axial, ndipo slider imayendetsa stator vane kuti azungulire. kudzera mu crank, kuti mukwaniritse cholinga chosinthira ngodya ya stator vane.Zitha kuwonedwa kuchokera pamapangidwe a aerodynamic kuti kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa angle ya vane pagawo lililonse la kompresa kumakhala kosiyana, ndipo nthawi zambiri kuchuluka kwa kusintha kumachepa motsatizana kuchokera pagawo loyamba mpaka gawo lomaliza, lomwe lingazindikirike posankha kutalika. wa crank, ndiko kuti, kuyambira gawo loyamba mpaka lomaliza kukula kutalika.
Silinda yosinthira imatchedwanso "middle cylinder" chifukwa imayikidwa pakati pa casing ndi blade yonyamula silinda, pomwe casing ndi silinda yonyamula tsamba imatchedwa "silinda yakunja" ndi "silinda yamkati" motsatana.Mapangidwe a silinda atatuwa amachepetsa kwambiri kupindika ndi kupsinjika kwa chipangizocho chifukwa chakukula kwamafuta, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kumalepheretsa njira yosinthira ku fumbi ndi kuwonongeka kwamakina chifukwa cha zinthu zakunja.
4. rotor ndi masamba
The rotor wapangidwa ndi tsinde waukulu, kusuntha masamba pa milingo yonse, spacer midadada, masamba locking magulu, masamba njuchi, etc. The rotor ndi ofanana mkati m'mimba mwake dongosolo, amene ndi yabwino processing.
Spindle imapangidwa kuchokera ku chitsulo cha alloy high.Kapangidwe kake kazinthu zazikulu za shaft kumayenera kuyesedwa mosamalitsa ndikuwunikidwa, ndipo index ya magwiridwe antchito imayang'aniridwa ndi chipika choyesera.Pambuyo pokonza movutikira, kuyezetsa kothamanga kotentha kumafunika kutsimikizira kukhazikika kwake kwamafuta ndikuchotsa gawo lina la kupsinjika kotsalira.Pambuyo zizindikiro pamwamba oyenerera, izo zikhoza kuikidwa mu kumaliza Machining.Mukamaliza kumaliza, kuyang'ana kwa utoto kapena kuyang'ana kwa tinthu tating'ono kumafunika m'magazini kumapeto onse awiri, ndipo ming'alu sikuloledwa.
Masamba osuntha ndi masamba osasunthika amapangidwa ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri, ndipo zopangira ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti zikhale ndi mankhwala, zida zamakina, zophatikizika za slag zosapanga dzimbiri ndi ming'alu.Tsambalo likapukutidwa, kuthira mchenga wonyowa kumapangidwira kuti musatope kwambiri.Tsamba lopanga liyenera kuyeza pafupipafupi, ndipo ngati kuli kofunikira, liyenera kukonza pafupipafupi.
Masamba osuntha a siteji iliyonse amayikidwa mumizu yozungulira yozungulira yozungulira yozungulira yozungulira, ndipo midadada ya spacer imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyika masamba awiriwo, ndipo zotsekera zotsekera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyika ndi kutseka masamba awiri osunthawo. imayikidwa kumapeto kwa gawo lililonse.zolimba.
Pali ma discs awiri omwe amakonzedwa kumapeto kwa gudumu, ndipo ndikosavuta kuwongolera zolemera mu ndege ziwiri.Mbale yachitsulo ndi manja osindikizira zimapanga piston, yomwe imagwira ntchito kudzera mu chitoliro choyendera kuti igwirizane ndi mbali ya mphamvu ya axial yomwe imapangidwa ndi pneumatic, kuchepetsa katundu pamapiko, ndikupanga kunyamula kumalo otetezeka.
5. Gland
Pali manja osindikizira kumapeto kwa shaft kumbali yolowera ndi kutulutsa mpweya wa kompresa motsatana, ndipo mbale zosindikizira zomwe zili m'magawo ofananirako a rotor zimapanga chisindikizo cha labyrinth kuteteza kutayikira kwa mpweya ndi kutuluka kwamkati.Pofuna kuwongolera kuyika ndi kukonza, zimasinthidwa kudzera mu chipika chosinthira pabwalo lakunja la manja osindikiza.
6. Bokosi lonyamula
Mapiritsi a radial ndi thrust bearings amakonzedwa mu bokosi lonyamulira, ndipo mafuta opangira mafuta amatengedwa kuchokera mu bokosi lonyamulira ndikubwerera ku thanki yamafuta.Kawirikawiri, pansi pa bokosi ili ndi chipangizo chowongolera (chikaphatikizidwa), chomwe chimagwirizana ndi maziko kuti apange malo apakati ndikuwonjezera kutentha kwa axial.Kwa nyumba yogawanitsa, makiyi atatu owongolera amayikidwa pansi pambali kuti athandizire kukula kwanyumbayo.Kiyi ya axial guide imakonzedwanso mbali imodzi ya casing kuti ifanane ndi casing.Bokosi lonyamulira lili ndi zida zowunikira monga kuyeza kutentha, kuyeza kwa rotor vibration, ndi muyeso wa shaft displacement.
7. kubereka
Zambiri za axial thrust ya rotor zimanyamulidwa ndi mbale yotsalira, ndipo kukankhira kwa axial kotsala pafupifupi 20 ~ 40kN kumayendetsedwa ndi kukankha.Ma thrust pads amatha kusinthidwa molingana ndi kukula kwa katunduyo kuti atsimikizire kuti katundu pa pad iliyonse amagawidwa mofanana.Ma thrust pads amapangidwa ndi carbon steel cast Babbitt alloy.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya ma radial bearings.Ma Compressor okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso liwiro lotsika amagwiritsa ntchito ma elliptical bearings, ndipo ma compressor okhala ndi mphamvu zochepa komanso kuthamanga kwambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe opendekeka.
Mayunitsi akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zida zothamanga kwambiri kuti zitheke kuyamba.Pampu yothamanga kwambiri imapanga kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa 80MPa panthawi yochepa, ndipo dziwe lamafuta othamanga kwambiri limayikidwa pansi pa radial bear kuti ikweze rotor ndi kuchepetsa kuyamba kukana.Pambuyo poyambira, kuthamanga kwamafuta kumatsika mpaka 5 ~ 15MPa.
Axial flow compressor imagwira ntchito pansi pamikhalidwe yopangidwira.Zinthu zogwirira ntchito zikasintha, malo ake ogwirira ntchito adzachoka pamalo opangira ndikulowa m'malo opangira osapanga.Panthawiyi, mkhalidwe weniweni wa mpweya ndi wosiyana ndi mawonekedwe opangira ntchito., ndipo pansi pazifukwa zina, kusakhazikika kwa kayendedwe kake kumachitika.Pakalipano, pali zinthu zingapo zosakhazikika zogwirira ntchito: zomwe zimagwira ntchito mozungulira, malo ogwirira ntchito komanso kutsekereza momwe amagwirira ntchito, ndipo magawo atatuwa amagwira ntchito chifukwa cha machitidwe osakhazikika a aerodynamic.
Pamene axial flow kompresa ikugwira ntchito pansi pazikhalidwe zosakhazikika izi, sikuti ntchito yogwira ntchito idzawonongeka kwambiri, koma nthawi zina kugwedezeka kwamphamvu kudzachitika, kotero kuti makinawo sangathe kugwira ntchito bwino, ndipo ngakhale ngozi zowononga kwambiri zitha kuchitika.
1. Malo ozungulira a axial flow kompresa
Dera lomwe lili pakati pa ngodya yocheperako ya vane yoyima ndi mzere wocheperako wokhotakhota wa mawonekedwe a axial flow compressor amatchedwa malo ozungulira, ndipo khola lozungulira limagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: khola lopita patsogolo ndi khola ladzidzidzi.Pamene voliyumu ya mpweya imakhala yocheperapo kuposa malire a mzere wozungulira wa fani yayikulu ya axial-flow, mpweya womwe uli kumbuyo kwa tsambalo udzasweka, ndipo mpweya mkati mwa makinawo umapanga kutuluka kwa pulsating, zomwe zidzachititsa kuti tsambalo liwonongeke. kupangitsa kupsinjika kosinthika ndikuyambitsa kuwonongeka kwa kutopa.
Kuti apewe kuyimilira, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amayenera kudziwa bwino mawonekedwe a injiniyo, ndikudutsa pamalo oyimitsa mwachangu poyambira.Panthawi yogwira ntchito, mbali yocheperako ya stator blade siyenera kukhala yochepa kuposa mtengo wotchulidwa malinga ndi malamulo a wopanga.
2. Axial Compressor Surge
Pamene kompresa ntchito limodzi ndi maukonde chitoliro ndi voliyumu inayake, pamene kompresa ntchito pa mkulu psinjika chiŵerengero ndi otsika otaya mlingo, kamodzi kompresa otaya mlingo ndi zosakwana mtengo, kumbuyo arc mpweya wa masamba adzakhala. olekanitsidwa kwambiri mpaka ndimeyo itatsekedwa, ndipo kutuluka kwa mpweya kudzagunda mwamphamvu.Ndipo kupanga oscillation ndi mphamvu mpweya ndi kukana mpweya wa kubwereketsa chitoliro network.Panthawi imeneyi, magawo a mpweya wa makina ochezera a pa Intaneti amasinthasintha kwambiri, ndiko kuti, kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndi kupanikizika kumasintha nthawi ndi nthawi ndi matalikidwe;mphamvu ndi phokoso la kompresa zonse zimasintha nthawi ndi nthawi..Zosintha zomwe tatchulazi ndizovuta kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti fuselage igwedezeke mwamphamvu, ndipo ngakhale makinawo sangathe kugwira ntchito bwino.Chodabwitsa ichi chimatchedwa surge.
Popeza kuphulika ndi chodabwitsa chomwe chimapezeka mu makina onse ndi makina ochezera a pa Intaneti, sizimangokhudzana ndi maonekedwe amkati a compressor, komanso zimadalira makhalidwe a maukonde a chitoliro, ndipo matalikidwe ake ndi mafupipafupi amalamulidwa ndi voliyumu. wa network pipe.
Zotsatira za opaleshoni nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoopsa.Zimapangitsa kuti kontrakitala wozungulira ndi magawo a stator akumane ndi kupsinjika ndi kusweka mosinthasintha, kupangitsa kuti kugwedezeka kwapakati kumayambitsa kugwedezeka kwamphamvu, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa zisindikizo ndi kuponyedwa, ndikupangitsa rotor ndi stator kugundana., kuchititsa ngozi zoopsa.Makamaka pamakina othamanga kwambiri axial flow compressor, opaleshoni imatha kuwononga makinawo pakanthawi kochepa, kotero kuti kompresa saloledwa kugwira ntchito pakuchita opaleshoni.
Kuchokera pakuwunikiridwa koyambiriraku, zimadziwika kuti kuphulikaku kumayamba chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa ma aerodynamic parameters ndi geometric blade cascade pansi pamikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yogwirira ntchito.Koma sizinthu zonse zozungulira zomwe zingayambitse kuphulika, zotsirizirazi zimagwirizananso ndi dongosolo la maukonde a chitoliro, kotero mapangidwe a zochitika za opaleshoni amaphatikizapo zinthu ziwiri: mkati, zimatengera axial flow compressor Pazifukwa zina, kugwedezeka kwadzidzidzi kumachitika. ;kunja, izo zikugwirizana ndi mphamvu ndi khalidwe mzere wa maukonde chitoliro.Choyamba ndi chifukwa cha mkati, pamene chotsatira ndi chikhalidwe chakunja.Chifukwa chamkati chimangolimbikitsa kuphulika ndi mgwirizano wa zinthu zakunja.
3. Kutsekeka kwa axial compressor
Malo a mmero wa kompresa amakhazikika.Kuthamanga kwa mpweya kumawonjezeka, chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa axial velocity ya mpweya, kuthamanga kwa mpweya kumawonjezeka, ndipo mbali yolakwika ya kuukira (ngodya yowukira ndi ngodya pakati pa kayendetsedwe ka mpweya ndi ngodya yoyika). wa blade inlet) amawonjezeranso.Panthawiyi, mpweya wapakati pa gawo laling'ono kwambiri la cascade inlet lidzafika pa liwiro la phokoso, kotero kuti kutuluka kwa compressor kudzafika pamtengo wovuta ndipo sikudzapitirira kuwonjezeka.Chodabwitsa ichi chimatchedwa kutsekereza.Kutsekeka kwa ma vanes oyambira kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa ma compressor.Pamene kuthamanga kwa mpweya kumachepa, mpweya mu compressor udzawonjezera kuthamanga kwa kuthamanga chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa voliyumu yowonjezera, ndipo kutsekeka kudzachitikanso pamene kutuluka kwa mpweya kufika pa liwiro la phokoso kumapeto komaliza.Chifukwa kutuluka kwa mpweya wa tsamba lomaliza kumatsekedwa, kuthamanga kwa mpweya kutsogolo kwa tsamba lomaliza kumawonjezeka, ndipo kuthamanga kwa mpweya kumbuyo kwa tsamba lomaliza kumachepa, kuchititsa kusiyana kwapakati pakati pa kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa tsamba lomaliza, kotero kuti mphamvu yomwe ili kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa tsamba lomaliza ilibe malire ndipo kupanikizika kungapangidwe.kuwononga khungu.
Pamene mawonekedwe a tsamba ndi magawo a cascade a axial flow compressor atsimikiziridwa, mawonekedwe ake otsekereza amakhazikikanso.Ma compressor axial saloledwa kuthamanga kwa nthawi yayitali m'dera lomwe lili pansi pa mzere wotsamwitsa.
Nthawi zambiri, anti-clogging control ya axial flow compressor siyenera kukhala yolimba ngati kuwongolera koletsa, kuwongolera sikuyenera kukhala kofulumira, ndipo palibe chifukwa chokhazikitsa poyimitsa ulendo.Ponena za momwe mungakhazikitsire anti-clogging control, zilinso ndi compressor yokha Funsani chisankho.Opanga ena aganizira za kulimbikitsa masamba muzojambulazo, kotero kuti athe kupirira kuwonjezeka kwa kupsinjika kwa flutter, kotero kuti safunikira kukhazikitsa zoletsa.Ngati wopanga sakuwona kuti mphamvu ya blade iyenera kuchulukitsidwa pamene chotchinga chotchinga chikuchitika pakupanga, zoletsa zoletsa zowongolera ziyenera kuperekedwa.
Dongosolo la anti-clogging control la axial flow compressor ndi motere: valavu ya butterfly anti-clogging imayikidwa pa payipi yotuluka ya kompresa, ndipo zizindikiro ziwiri zozindikira za kuchuluka kwa kulowa komanso kuthamanga kwa kutuluka zimalowetsedwa nthawi imodzi. anti-clogging regulator.Pamene kuthamanga kwa makina kumatsika mosadziwika bwino ndipo malo ogwirira ntchito a makinawo akugwera pansi pa mzere woletsa kutsekereza, chizindikiro chotulutsa chowongolera chimatumizidwa ku anti-blocking valve kuti valavu ikhale yaying'ono, kotero kuti kuthamanga kwa mpweya kumawonjezeka. , kuthamanga kwa magazi kumachepa, ndipo malo ogwira ntchito amalowa mu mzere wotsutsa-kutsekereza.Pamwamba pa mzere wotsekera, makinawo amachotsa mkhalidwe wotsekereza.
