Monga tonse tikudziwira, mphamvu zoposa theka la mphamvu za dziko lapansi zimatayika chifukwa cha mikangano yosiyanasiyana, ndipo 70% -80% ya kuwonongeka kwa makina ndi zida padziko lapansi kumayambitsidwa ndi mikangano.Choncho, mbiri ya chitukuko cha makina athu aumunthu ndi mbiri ya kulimbana kwathu kwaumunthu ndi mikangano.Kwa zaka zambiri, ife anthu takhala tikuthana ndi zotayika zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha kukangana kwa zida zamakina.Mtengo wolemetsa kwambiri walipidwa, ngakhale kuti zina zatheka kuti zichepetse kutayika chifukwa cha kukangana, koma palibe yankho lenileni la vuto la kukangana lomwe lapezeka m'munda wa tribology.Kutayika kwa mphamvu ndi zinthu zomwe zimabweretsedwa ndi mikangano kwa ife anthu zikadali zazikulu.Zotsatira za mafuta odzola pazida zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu nthawi zambiri zimanyalanyazidwa.Zigawo zonse za zida zonse zikusisitana wina ndi mnzake panthawi yogwira ntchito.Ntchito yopaka mafuta ndikupewa kukangana kowuma pakati pa magawo.Kukangana sikumangopangitsa kuti zida zivale, komanso kukangana kumabweretsa kukana.Ngati palibe mafuta odzola, zida sizidzangowonongeka, komanso kukana komwe kumapangidwa ndi kukangana kudzadya mphamvu zambiri zogwirira ntchito.
Vuto lalikulu ndilakuti: Nthawi zambiri timanyalanyaza zokometsera za zida, ndipo sitidziwa momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito mafuta opaka bwino, komanso sitidziwa mgwirizano womwe ulipo pakati pawo ndi kupulumutsa mphamvu.
1. Ubale pakati pa mafuta ndi kupulumutsa mphamvu:
Pansipa, timagwiritsa ntchito mfundo zosavuta zakuthupi kuti timvetsetse ntchito yamafuta pakusunga mphamvu.Tikamagwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndi magetsi kuti tiyendetse magalimoto kapena zida zina zamafakitale, timatembenuza mafuta ndi magetsi kukhala mphamvu ya kinetic ya zida.Ngati mafuta ndi mphamvu zamagetsi 100% amatembenuzidwa kukhala mphamvu ya kinetic, ndilo dziko labwino kwambiri, koma sizingatheke kwenikweni, chifukwa Pali mikangano, ndipo gawo la mphamvu limatayika chifukwa cha kukangana.Pogwira ntchito, mphamvu E yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zida imagawidwa m'magawo awiri:
E = W (k) + W (f), pamene W (k) ndi mphamvu ya kinetic yogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo, W (f) ndi mphamvu yogwiritsidwa ntchito pogonjetsa mphamvu yolimbana ndi mphamvu panthawi yogwira ntchito ndikugonjetsa kukangana koyenda W (f) =f *S, pamene S ndi kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa kusamuka, mphamvu yotsutsana pakuyenda kwa chinthu f = μFN pamene pali kukakamiza kwabwino, μ ndi friction coefficient of the contact surface, mwachiwonekere, kukulirakulira kwa coefficient , mphamvu yothamanga kwambiri, ndipo Mphamvu zambiri zimagonjetsa kukangana, ndipo coefficient of friction ikugwirizana ndi kuuma kwa pamwamba.Kupyolera mu mafuta, coefficient of friction of the contact surface imachepetsedwa, motero amasewera kuchepetsa kukangana ndi kupulumutsa mphamvu.
M'zaka za m'ma 1960, Jost Report ya United Kingdom inapanga masamu.Kwa mayiko ambiri, pafupifupi 10% ya gross national product (GNP) idagwiritsidwa ntchito pothana ndi mikangano, ndipo zida zambiri zidalephera kapena kutha chifukwa chakutha..Jost Report inapanganso kuti 1.3% ~ 1.6% ya GNP ikhoza kupulumutsidwa kudzera mu sayansi ya tribology, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito sayansi ya tribology kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta oyenera.
2. Ubale pakati pa kusankha mafuta opaka ndi kupulumutsa mphamvu:
Mwachiwonekere, mafuta opaka mafuta amatha kuchepetsa kuuma kwa pamwamba, koma mafuta odzola ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi zigawo zovuta.Tiyeni tiwone kapangidwe ka mafuta opaka: Mafuta opaka: mafuta oyambira + zowonjezera Mafuta: mafuta oyambira + thickener + zowonjezera
Pakati pawo, mafuta oyambira amatha kugawidwa mumafuta amchere ndi mafuta opangira, ndipo mafuta amchere amagawidwa kukhala mafuta amtundu wa API I, mafuta amtundu wa API II, mafuta amtundu wa API III.Pali mitundu yambiri yamafuta opangira, odziwika bwino ndi PAO/SHC, GTL, PIB, PAG, mafuta a ester (mafuta a diester, polyester oil POE), mafuta a silicone, PFPE.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya zowonjezera, kutenga mafuta a injini monga chitsanzo, kuphatikizapo zotsukira ndi zotayira, anti-wear agents, antioxidants, anti- dzimbiri agents, viscosity index improvers, anti-foaming agents, etc., ndipo opanga osiyanasiyana ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala. zowonjezera.Zosiyana, monga kukhathamiritsa kwa index ya viscosity, pali mitundu yambiri.Zitha kuwoneka kuti mafuta opaka mafuta si ophweka monga momwe timaganizira.Chifukwa cha zovuta za mankhwala, kusiyana kwa kapangidwe kake ndi ukadaulo wopanga kumabweretsa kusiyana kwa magwiridwe antchito amafuta opaka mafuta.Choncho, ubwino wa mafuta odzola ndi wosiyana, ndipo sikokwanira kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachisawawa.Tiyenera kusankha ndi diso lovuta.Mafuta opaka mafuta apamwamba sangangokana kuvala ndikuletsa kuvala kwa zida, komanso amathandizira kusunga mphamvu kumlingo wina.
3. Mafuta opaka mafuta amangotengera 1% ~ 3% ya ndalama zonse zokonzera zida!
Ndalama zopangira mafuta opaka mafuta ndi pafupifupi 1% ~ 3% ya ndalama zonse pakukonza.Zotsatira za 1% ~ 3% iyi zimagwirizana ndi zinthu zambiri: moyo wautali wautumiki wa zida, kulephera kwachangu, kulephera kwachangu kumakhudza nthawi yopuma ndi zokolola, komanso ndalama zofananira zokonzekera, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, ndi zina zotero. zigawo, komanso kuonjezera mtengo wa ogwira ntchito yokonza.Kuphatikiza apo, kuzimitsidwa chifukwa cha kulephera, kulephera kwa zida, komanso kusakhazikika kwa ntchito kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa zinthu ndi zinthu.Chifukwa chake, kuyika ndalama mu 1% iyi kungathandize makampani kusunga ndalama zokhudzana ndi kupanga.Ndalama zina zogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo, ogwira ntchito, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, ndalama zosamalira ndi zipangizo.
Ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi zamakono, makamaka chitukuko cha nanotechnology, ife anthu tapeza njira zatsopano ndi mwayi wothetsera mikangano ndi kuchepetsa kutayika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mikangano.Zimazindikirika pogwiritsa ntchito nanotechnology kumunda wa mikangano.Kudzichiritsa nokha kwazitsulo zowonongeka pogwiritsa ntchito nanotechnology.Pamwamba zitsulo ndi nanometerized, potero kuwongolera mphamvu, kuuma, roughness pamwamba, kukana kutentha ndi dzimbiri kukana kwa zitsulo pamwamba, ndi kukwaniritsa cholinga chochepetsera kukangana pakati pa zitsulo pamalo osachepera.choncho.Yakwaniritsanso cholinga cha anthu athu kuyesetsa mphamvu, chuma, chitetezo cha chilengedwe, ndi kupindula ndi mikangano.
Mafuta opaka mafuta amtundu wa air compressor ndi "mafuta abwino" bola ngati sakhala ndi gel ndi kaboni pakusintha kwamafuta?Mosasamala kanthu za kutentha ndi kutentha kwa mayendedwe a injini zazikulu, magiya, ndi ma rotor aamuna ndi aakazi, tsopano pali ukadaulo wapamwamba wamagalimoto wamagalimoto omwe amalowetsedwa mumafuta am'mlengalenga, omwe amabweretsa kupulumutsa mphamvu, bata, komanso moyo wautali mlengalenga. kompresa.Tonse tikudziwa kuti mafuta osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa.Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zomwe zachitika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndi moyo wa injini!Kuchita kwa mafuta opaka kompresa ya mpweya sikunyalanyazidwa ndi opanga ambiri, amalonda, ndi ogwiritsa ntchito.Ochita masewerawa amawona chisangalalo, ndipo akatswiri akuyang'ana pakhomo.Kukhazikitsidwa kwaukadaulo wamagalimoto opaka mafuta pakugwiritsa ntchito screw air compressor kuli ndi izi:
1. Chepetsani mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito, chifukwa mphamvu yolimbana ndi kukameta ubweya wa kayendedwe ka mafuta kumachepetsedwa, mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mpweya wa 22 kW nthawi zambiri imachepetsedwa ndi 2A, kupulumutsa 1KW pa ola limodzi, ndi maola 8000 akusintha mafuta. kuzungulira kungapulumutse kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za 8000KW;2 , Chete, kutsitsa kwabwino kwa wolandila kumakhala kwabata kwambiri, ndipo phokoso la wolandirayo limakhala lotsika pakutsitsa.Chifukwa chachikulu ndikuwonjezera zida zowonjezera zokhala ndi kocheperako kocheperako kwambiri, komwe kumapangitsa kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yosalala, ndipo phokoso lokhala ndi phokoso limatha kuwongolera kwambiri;3. Chepetsani jitter, zipangizo zodzipangira nokha Mpira wa "nano-diamond mpira" ndi "filimu ya nano-diamondi" imapangidwa pamwamba pa chitsulo chothamanga, chomwe chidzakhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali;4. Chepetsani kutentha, ndipo ndizofala kuti kompresa ya mpweya iyime pa kutentha kwakukulu.Mafuta odzola apamwamba kwambiri amachepetsa kukangana ndi kutentha, amathandizira matenthedwe, Kuchepetsa kutentha kwambiri kwa mayendedwe, magiya, ndi ma rotor amuna ndi akazi;5. Kutalikitsa moyo wa mafuta opaka mafuta.Kuphatikiza pa gelling kapena moyo wamafuta opaka mafuta omwe amatsimikizira kukana kwa okosijeni, chinthu china chofunikira ndi kutentha kwa meshing extrusion point.Kutentha kumatsika kuchokera ku 300 ° C mpaka 150 ° C.Kutentha kwakukulu ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta odzola awonongeke ndi mapangidwe a carbon deposits mu simenti;6. Wonjezerani moyo wa injini yaikulu.Zida, kupanga wosanjikiza wa nano-level wandiweyani zoteteza filimu pa kuthamanga pamwamba, kuti zitsulo pamwamba musakhudze wina ndi mzake ndipo konse kuvala, motero kwambiri kuonetsetsa moyo utumiki wa khamu.
Kupulumutsa mphamvu zopanda mphamvu zowononga mafuta oletsa kuvala: sungani magetsi ochulukirapo pa ola limodzi, ndipo wolandirayo azikhala zaka zingapo!Kusamalira makasitomala ndikupereka ntchito zamtengo wapatali!Amayi ndi abambo, mukuganizabe kuti mafuta opaka mafuta onse ndi ofanana?