1. Chidule cha Adsorption Separation process
Adsorption imatanthawuza kuti madzi (gasi kapena madzi) akakhudzana ndi chinthu cholimba cha porous, chinthu chimodzi kapena zingapo zamadzimadzi zimasamutsidwa kumtunda wakunja wa porous ndi mkati mwa ma micropores kuti alemere pa malo awa. kupanga monomolecular wosanjikiza kapena multimolecules wosanjikiza ndondomeko.
Madzi amadzimadzi amatchedwa adsorbate, ndipo tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatchedwa adsorbent.
Chifukwa cha zosiyana za thupi ndi mankhwala a adsorbate ndi adsorbent, mphamvu ya adsorption ya adsorbent yosiyana ndi yosiyana.Ndi kusankhidwa kwakukulu kwa adsorption, zigawo za gawo la adsorption ndi gawo la mayamwidwe zimatha kupindula, kuti zizindikire kulekanitsa kwa zinthu.
2. Adsorption / desorption process
Njira ya Adsorption: Itha kuonedwa ngati njira yolimbikitsira kapena ngati njira yamadzimadzi.Choncho, kutentha kutsika komanso kuthamanga kwambiri, kumapangitsanso mphamvu ya adsorption.Pakuti onse adsorbents, ndi mosavuta liquefied (apamwamba otentha mfundo) mpweya adsorbed kwambiri, ndi zochepa liquefiable (m'munsi kuwira mfundo) mpweya adsorbed m'munsi.
Njira ya desorption: Itha kuonedwa ngati njira yopangira mpweya kapena kutentha.Choncho, kutentha kwapamwamba komanso kutsika kwapakati, kumachepetsanso kutha.Pa ma sorbents onse, mpweya wa liquefied (wotentha kwambiri) sungathe kusungunuka, komanso mpweya wosasungunuka (kutsika kowira) umasungunuka mosavuta.
3. Mfundo ya kulekanitsa adsorption ndi gulu lake
Adsorption imagawidwa kukhala adsorption yakuthupi ndi mankhwala adsorption.
Mfundo ya kulekanitsa thupi adsorption: Kupatukana kumatheka pogwiritsa ntchito kusiyana kwa adsorption mphamvu (van der Waals mphamvu, electrostatic mphamvu) pakati pa maatomu kapena magulu pa olimba pamwamba ndi mamolekyu akunja.Kukula kwa mphamvu ya adsorption kumayenderana ndi katundu wa adsorbent ndi adsorbate.
Mfundo ya kulekanitsa kwa mankhwala adsorption imachokera ku ndondomeko ya adsorption yomwe mankhwala amadzimadzi amapezeka pamwamba pa adsorbent olimba kuti agwirizane ndi adsorbate ndi adsorbent ndi mgwirizano wa mankhwala, kotero kusankha kumakhala kolimba.Chemisorption nthawi zambiri imayenda pang'onopang'ono, imatha kupanga monolayer ndipo ndi yosasinthika.
4. Mitundu Yodziwika ya Adsorbent
Ma adsorbents wamba makamaka akuphatikizapo: sieve maselo, activated carbon, silica gel, ndi activated alumina.
Sieve ya mamolekyulu: Ili ndi mawonekedwe a microporous wokhazikika, okhala ndi malo enaake pafupifupi 500-1000m²/g, makamaka ma micropores, ndipo kugawa kwa pore kuli pakati pa 0.4-1nm.Makhalidwe adsorption a masieve a ma molekyulu amatha kusinthidwa posintha mawonekedwe a molecular sieve, kapangidwe kake ndi mtundu wa ma counter cations.Masieve a mamolekyulu makamaka amadalira mawonekedwe a pore ndi gawo la mphamvu ya Coulomb pakati pa cation yokhazikika ndi chimango cha molekyulu kuti apange kutsatsa.Iwo ali wabwino matenthedwe ndi hydrothermal bata ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulekanitsa ndi kuyeretsa zosiyanasiyana mpweya ndi madzi magawo.The adsorbent ali ndi makhalidwe amphamvu selectivity, mkulu adsorption kuya ndi lalikulu adsorption mphamvu pamene ntchito;
Mpweya woyatsidwa: Ili ndi ma micropore olemera komanso mawonekedwe a mesopore, malo enieniwo ndi pafupifupi 500-1000m²/g, ndipo kagayidwe kake kamakhala kosiyana kwambiri ndi 2-50nm.Mpweya woyendetsedwa makamaka umadalira mphamvu ya van der Waals yomwe imapangidwa ndi adsorbate kuti ipange kutsatsa, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga ma organic compounds, katundu wolemera wa hydrocarbon organic adsorption ndi kuchotsa, deodorant, etc.;
Gelisi ya silika: Malo enieni a silika a gel-based adsorbents ndi pafupifupi 300-500m²/g, makamaka mesoporous, ndi pore yogawa 2-50nm, ndipo mkati mwa pores ndi olemera pamwamba hydroxyl magulu.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakuyanika kwa adsorption ndi kuthamanga kwa swing adsorption kuti apange CO₂, etc.;
Alumina yoyendetsedwa: Malo enieni ndi 200-500m²/g, makamaka masopores, ndipo kagawo ka pore ndi 2-50nm.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu kuyanika ndi kutaya madzi m'thupi, kuyeretsa mpweya wa asidi, etc.
